Summary | |
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Symbol | GAL |
Name | galanin/GMAP prepropeptide |
Aliases | GMAP; GAL-GMAP; GLNN; galanin-message-associated peptide; GALN; galanin; galanin prepropeptide; GAL-GMAPN; g ...... |
Chromosomal Location | 11q13.2 |
External Links | HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards |
Content |
Basic function annotation. > Subcellular Location, Domain and Function > Gene Ontology > KEGG and Reactome Pathway |
Subcellular Location | Secreted |
Domain |
PF01296 Galanin PF06540 Galanin message associated peptide (GMAP) |
Function |
Endocrine hormone of the central and peripheral nervous systems that binds and activates the G protein-coupled receptors GALR1, GALR2, and GALR3. This small neuropeptide may regulate diverse physiologic functions including contraction of smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tract, growth hormone and insulin release and adrenal secretion. |
Biological Process |
GO:0001558 regulation of cell growth GO:0001942 hair follicle development GO:0002683 negative regulation of immune system process GO:0002694 regulation of leukocyte activation GO:0002695 negative regulation of leukocyte activation GO:0002790 peptide secretion GO:0006813 potassium ion transport GO:0006869 lipid transport GO:0007218 neuropeptide signaling pathway GO:0007631 feeding behavior GO:0008202 steroid metabolic process GO:0008211 glucocorticoid metabolic process GO:0008544 epidermis development GO:0009306 protein secretion GO:0009914 hormone transport GO:0010015 root morphogenesis GO:0010053 root epidermal cell differentiation GO:0010054 trichoblast differentiation GO:0010721 negative regulation of cell development GO:0010737 protein kinase A signaling GO:0010817 regulation of hormone levels GO:0010876 lipid localization GO:0010959 regulation of metal ion transport GO:0015672 monovalent inorganic cation transport GO:0015833 peptide transport GO:0015850 organic hydroxy compound transport GO:0016049 cell growth GO:0019216 regulation of lipid metabolic process GO:0019218 regulation of steroid metabolic process GO:0019932 second-messenger-mediated signaling GO:0019933 cAMP-mediated signaling GO:0019935 cyclic-nucleotide-mediated signaling GO:0021700 developmental maturation GO:0022404 molting cycle process GO:0022405 hair cycle process GO:0022622 root system development GO:0022898 regulation of transmembrane transporter activity GO:0023061 signal release GO:0030072 peptide hormone secretion GO:0030073 insulin secretion GO:0030308 negative regulation of cell growth GO:0031943 regulation of glucocorticoid metabolic process GO:0032350 regulation of hormone metabolic process GO:0032368 regulation of lipid transport GO:0032370 positive regulation of lipid transport GO:0032409 regulation of transporter activity GO:0032411 positive regulation of transporter activity GO:0032412 regulation of ion transmembrane transporter activity GO:0032414 positive regulation of ion transmembrane transporter activity GO:0032868 response to insulin GO:0032943 mononuclear cell proliferation GO:0032944 regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation GO:0032945 negative regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation GO:0034762 regulation of transmembrane transport GO:0034764 positive regulation of transmembrane transport GO:0034765 regulation of ion transmembrane transport GO:0034767 positive regulation of ion transmembrane transport GO:0035902 response to immobilization stress GO:0035929 steroid hormone secretion GO:0035930 corticosteroid hormone secretion GO:0035933 glucocorticoid secretion GO:0042303 molting cycle GO:0042445 hormone metabolic process GO:0042493 response to drug GO:0042633 hair cycle GO:0042634 regulation of hair cycle GO:0042635 positive regulation of hair cycle GO:0042637 catagen GO:0042886 amide transport GO:0043266 regulation of potassium ion transport GO:0043268 positive regulation of potassium ion transport GO:0043270 positive regulation of ion transport GO:0043400 cortisol secretion GO:0043434 response to peptide hormone GO:0043588 skin development GO:0043627 response to estrogen GO:0044057 regulation of system process GO:0044060 regulation of endocrine process GO:0044848 biological phase GO:0044851 hair cycle phase GO:0045682 regulation of epidermis development GO:0045684 positive regulation of epidermis development GO:0045926 negative regulation of growth GO:0046651 lymphocyte proliferation GO:0046879 hormone secretion GO:0046883 regulation of hormone secretion GO:0046887 positive regulation of hormone secretion GO:0048364 root development GO:0048469 cell maturation GO:0048588 developmental cell growth GO:0048638 regulation of developmental growth GO:0048640 negative regulation of developmental growth GO:0048764 trichoblast maturation GO:0048765 root hair cell differentiation GO:0048767 root hair elongation GO:0048818 positive regulation of hair follicle maturation GO:0048819 regulation of hair follicle maturation GO:0048820 hair follicle maturation GO:0050670 regulation of lymphocyte proliferation GO:0050672 negative regulation of lymphocyte proliferation GO:0050865 regulation of cell activation GO:0050866 negative regulation of cell activation GO:0050886 endocrine process GO:0051047 positive regulation of secretion GO:0051249 regulation of lymphocyte activation GO:0051250 negative regulation of lymphocyte activation GO:0051462 regulation of cortisol secretion GO:0051464 positive regulation of cortisol secretion GO:0051794 regulation of catagen GO:0051795 positive regulation of catagen GO:0051797 regulation of hair follicle development GO:0051798 positive regulation of hair follicle development GO:0060560 developmental growth involved in morphogenesis GO:0060986 endocrine hormone secretion GO:0070661 leukocyte proliferation GO:0070663 regulation of leukocyte proliferation GO:0070664 negative regulation of leukocyte proliferation GO:0071695 anatomical structure maturation GO:0071804 cellular potassium ion transport GO:0071805 potassium ion transmembrane transport GO:0080147 root hair cell development GO:0090558 plant epidermis development GO:0090627 plant epidermal cell differentiation GO:0098773 skin epidermis development GO:0099402 plant organ development GO:1901016 regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity GO:1901018 positive regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity GO:1901379 regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transport GO:1901381 positive regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transport GO:1901652 response to peptide GO:1902606 regulation of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity GO:1902608 positive regulation of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity GO:1902890 regulation of root hair elongation GO:1902891 negative regulation of root hair elongation GO:1903429 regulation of cell maturation GO:1903430 negative regulation of cell maturation GO:1903532 positive regulation of secretion by cell GO:1903888 regulation of plant epidermal cell differentiation GO:1903889 negative regulation of plant epidermal cell differentiation GO:1904062 regulation of cation transmembrane transport GO:1904064 positive regulation of cation transmembrane transport GO:1905392 plant organ morphogenesis GO:1905421 regulation of plant organ morphogenesis GO:1905422 negative regulation of plant organ morphogenesis GO:2000067 regulation of root morphogenesis GO:2000280 regulation of root development GO:2000831 regulation of steroid hormone secretion GO:2000833 positive regulation of steroid hormone secretion GO:2000846 regulation of corticosteroid hormone secretion GO:2000848 positive regulation of corticosteroid hormone secretion GO:2000849 regulation of glucocorticoid secretion GO:2000851 positive regulation of glucocorticoid secretion GO:2001257 regulation of cation channel activity GO:2001259 positive regulation of cation channel activity |
Molecular Function |
GO:0001653 peptide receptor activity GO:0001664 G-protein coupled receptor binding GO:0004966 galanin receptor activity GO:0005179 hormone activity GO:0005184 neuropeptide hormone activity GO:0008188 neuropeptide receptor activity GO:0008528 G-protein coupled peptide receptor activity GO:0031763 galanin receptor binding GO:0031764 type 1 galanin receptor binding GO:0031765 type 2 galanin receptor binding GO:0031766 type 3 galanin receptor binding GO:0071855 neuropeptide receptor binding |
Cellular Component |
GO:0030141 secretory granule GO:0043025 neuronal cell body GO:0044297 cell body GO:0099503 secretory vesicle |
KEGG | - |
Reactome |
R-HSA-373076: Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors) R-HSA-418594: G alpha (i) signalling events R-HSA-388396: GPCR downstream signaling R-HSA-500792: GPCR ligand binding R-HSA-375276: Peptide ligand-binding receptors R-HSA-162582: Signal Transduction R-HSA-372790: Signaling by GPCR |
Summary | |
---|---|
Symbol | GAL |
Name | galanin/GMAP prepropeptide |
Aliases | GMAP; GAL-GMAP; GLNN; galanin-message-associated peptide; GALN; galanin; galanin prepropeptide; GAL-GMAPN; g ...... |
Chromosomal Location | 11q13.2 |
External Links | HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards |
Content | Literatures that report relations between GAL and anti-tumor immunity. The specific mechanism were also collected if the literature reports that a gene specifically promotes or inhibits the infiltration or function of T/NK cells. |
There is no record. |
Summary | |
---|---|
Symbol | GAL |
Name | galanin/GMAP prepropeptide |
Aliases | GMAP; GAL-GMAP; GLNN; galanin-message-associated peptide; GALN; galanin; galanin prepropeptide; GAL-GMAPN; g ...... |
Chromosomal Location | 11q13.2 |
External Links | HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards |
Content | High-throughput screening data (e.g. CRISPR-Cas9, shRNA and RNAi) for T cell-mediated killing. Genetic screen techniques can identify mechanisms of tumor cell resistance (e.g., PTPN2) and sensitivity (e.g., APLNR) to killing by cytotoxic T cells, the central effectors of anti-tumor immunity. After comprehensively searching, eight groups of screening data sets were collected in the current database. In this tab, users can check whether their selected genes cause resistance or increase sensitivity to T cell-mediated killing in various data sets. |
> High-throughput Screening
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Statistical results of GAL in screening data sets for detecting immune reponses.
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Summary | |
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Symbol | GAL |
Name | galanin/GMAP prepropeptide |
Aliases | GMAP; GAL-GMAP; GLNN; galanin-message-associated peptide; GALN; galanin; galanin prepropeptide; GAL-GMAPN; g ...... |
Chromosomal Location | 11q13.2 |
External Links | HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards |
Content |
Transcriptomic and genomic profiling of pre-treated tumor biopsies from responders and non-responders to immunotherapy. These data were used to identify signatures and mechanisms of response to checkpoint blockade (e.g., anti-PDL1 and anti-PD1). One example is that mutations in the gene PBRM1 benefit clinical survival of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. After comprehensively searching, we collected 5 and 6 of transcriptomic and genomic data sets, respectively. In this tab, users can check whether their selected genes have significant difference of expression or mutation between responders and non-responders in various data sets. > Expression difference between responders and non-responders > Mutation difference between responders and non-responders |
Points in the above scatter plot represent the expression difference of GAL in various data sets.
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Points in the above scatter plot represent the mutation difference of GAL in various data sets.
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Summary | |
---|---|
Symbol | GAL |
Name | galanin/GMAP prepropeptide |
Aliases | GMAP; GAL-GMAP; GLNN; galanin-message-associated peptide; GALN; galanin; galanin prepropeptide; GAL-GMAPN; g ...... |
Chromosomal Location | 11q13.2 |
External Links | HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards |
Content |
Relations between abundance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and expression, copy number, methylation, or mutation of GAL. The immune-related signatures of 28 TIL types from Charoentong's study, which can be viewed in the download page. For each cancer type, the relative abundance of TILs were inferred by using gene set variation analysis (GSVA) based on gene expression profile. In this tab, users can examine which kinds of TILs might be regulated by the current gene. |
Summary | |
---|---|
Symbol | GAL |
Name | galanin/GMAP prepropeptide |
Aliases | GMAP; GAL-GMAP; GLNN; galanin-message-associated peptide; GALN; galanin; galanin prepropeptide; GAL-GMAPN; g ...... |
Chromosomal Location | 11q13.2 |
External Links | HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards |
Content |
Relations between three kinds of immunomodulators and expression, copy number, methylation, or mutation of GAL. These immunomo-dulators were collected from Charoentong's study. In this tab, users can examine which immunomodulators might be regulated by GAL. > Immunoinhibitor > Immunostimulator > MHC molecule |
Summary | |
---|---|
Symbol | GAL |
Name | galanin/GMAP prepropeptide |
Aliases | GMAP; GAL-GMAP; GLNN; galanin-message-associated peptide; GALN; galanin; galanin prepropeptide; GAL-GMAPN; g ...... |
Chromosomal Location | 11q13.2 |
External Links | HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards |
Content |
Relations between chemokines (or receptors) and expression, copy number, methylation, or mutation of GAL. In this tab, users can examine which chemokines (or receptors) might be regulated by the current gene. > Chemokine > Receptor |
Summary | |
---|---|
Symbol | GAL |
Name | galanin/GMAP prepropeptide |
Aliases | GMAP; GAL-GMAP; GLNN; galanin-message-associated peptide; GALN; galanin; galanin prepropeptide; GAL-GMAPN; g ...... |
Chromosomal Location | 11q13.2 |
External Links | HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards |
Content |
Distribution of GAL expression across immune and molecular subtypes. > Immune subtype > Molecular subtype |
Summary | |
---|---|
Symbol | GAL |
Name | galanin/GMAP prepropeptide |
Aliases | GMAP; GAL-GMAP; GLNN; galanin-message-associated peptide; GALN; galanin; galanin prepropeptide; GAL-GMAPN; g ...... |
Chromosomal Location | 11q13.2 |
External Links | HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards |
Content |
Associations between GAL and clinical features. > Overall survival analysis > Cancer stage > Tumor grade |
Summary | |
---|---|
Symbol | GAL |
Name | galanin/GMAP prepropeptide |
Aliases | GMAP; GAL-GMAP; GLNN; galanin-message-associated peptide; GALN; galanin; galanin prepropeptide; GAL-GMAPN; g ...... |
Chromosomal Location | 11q13.2 |
External Links | HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards |
Content | Drugs targeting GAL collected from DrugBank database. |
There is no record. |