Browse KYNU

Summary
SymbolKYNU
Namekynureninase
Aliases L-kynurenine hydrolase; kynureninase (L-kynurenine hydrolase); KYNUU
Chromosomal Location2q22.2
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Basic function annotation.
> Subcellular Location, Domain and Function
> Gene Ontology
> KEGG and Reactome Pathway
> Subcellular Location, Domain and Function
 
Subcellular Location Cytoplasm, cytosol
Domain PF00266 Aminotransferase class-V
Function

Catalyzes the cleavage of L-kynurenine (L-Kyn) and L-3-hydroxykynurenine (L-3OHKyn) into anthranilic acid (AA) and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-OHAA), respectively. Has a preference for the L-3-hydroxy form. Also has cysteine-conjugate-beta-lyase activity.

> Gene Ontology
 
Biological Process GO:0006084 acetyl-CoA metabolic process
GO:0006568 tryptophan metabolic process
GO:0006569 tryptophan catabolic process
GO:0006576 cellular biogenic amine metabolic process
GO:0006586 indolalkylamine metabolic process
GO:0006637 acyl-CoA metabolic process
GO:0006732 coenzyme metabolic process
GO:0006733 oxidoreduction coenzyme metabolic process
GO:0006790 sulfur compound metabolic process
GO:0007584 response to nutrient
GO:0009072 aromatic amino acid family metabolic process
GO:0009074 aromatic amino acid family catabolic process
GO:0009108 coenzyme biosynthetic process
GO:0009165 nucleotide biosynthetic process
GO:0009308 amine metabolic process
GO:0009310 amine catabolic process
GO:0009435 NAD biosynthetic process
GO:0009991 response to extracellular stimulus
GO:0016053 organic acid biosynthetic process
GO:0016054 organic acid catabolic process
GO:0019359 nicotinamide nucleotide biosynthetic process
GO:0019362 pyridine nucleotide metabolic process
GO:0019363 pyridine nucleotide biosynthetic process
GO:0019439 aromatic compound catabolic process
GO:0019441 tryptophan catabolic process to kynurenine
GO:0019442 tryptophan catabolic process to acetyl-CoA
GO:0019674 NAD metabolic process
GO:0019805 quinolinate biosynthetic process
GO:0031667 response to nutrient levels
GO:0033273 response to vitamin
GO:0034341 response to interferon-gamma
GO:0034354 'de novo' NAD biosynthetic process from tryptophan
GO:0034516 response to vitamin B6
GO:0034627 'de novo' NAD biosynthetic process
GO:0035383 thioester metabolic process
GO:0042180 cellular ketone metabolic process
GO:0042182 ketone catabolic process
GO:0042402 cellular biogenic amine catabolic process
GO:0042430 indole-containing compound metabolic process
GO:0042436 indole-containing compound catabolic process
GO:0042537 benzene-containing compound metabolic process
GO:0043420 anthranilate metabolic process
GO:0043648 dicarboxylic acid metabolic process
GO:0043650 dicarboxylic acid biosynthetic process
GO:0044106 cellular amine metabolic process
GO:0044270 cellular nitrogen compound catabolic process
GO:0044282 small molecule catabolic process
GO:0044283 small molecule biosynthetic process
GO:0046218 indolalkylamine catabolic process
GO:0046394 carboxylic acid biosynthetic process
GO:0046496 nicotinamide nucleotide metabolic process
GO:0046700 heterocycle catabolic process
GO:0046874 quinolinate metabolic process
GO:0051186 cofactor metabolic process
GO:0051188 cofactor biosynthetic process
GO:0070189 kynurenine metabolic process
GO:0072524 pyridine-containing compound metabolic process
GO:0072525 pyridine-containing compound biosynthetic process
GO:0097052 L-kynurenine metabolic process
GO:0097053 L-kynurenine catabolic process
GO:1901293 nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process
GO:1901361 organic cyclic compound catabolic process
GO:1901565 organonitrogen compound catabolic process
GO:1901605 alpha-amino acid metabolic process
GO:1901606 alpha-amino acid catabolic process
Molecular Function GO:0016822 hydrolase activity, acting on acid carbon-carbon bonds
GO:0016823 hydrolase activity, acting on acid carbon-carbon bonds, in ketonic substances
GO:0030170 pyridoxal phosphate binding
GO:0030429 kynureninase activity
GO:0043168 anion binding
GO:0048037 cofactor binding
Cellular Component -
> KEGG and Reactome Pathway
 
KEGG hsa00380 Tryptophan metabolism
hsa01100 Metabolic pathways
Reactome R-HSA-6788656: Histidine, lysine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, proline and tryptophan catabolism
R-HSA-1430728: Metabolism
R-HSA-71291: Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives
R-HSA-71240: Tryptophan catabolism
Summary
SymbolKYNU
Namekynureninase
Aliases L-kynurenine hydrolase; kynureninase (L-kynurenine hydrolase); KYNUU
Chromosomal Location2q22.2
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Literatures that report relations between KYNU and anti-tumor immunity. The specific mechanism were also collected if the literature reports that a gene specifically promotes or inhibits the infiltration or function of T/NK cells.
> Text Mining
 
  Literatures describing the relation between KYNU and anti-tumor immunity in human cancer.
PMID Cancer type Relation to immunity Evidence sentences
26936918GlioblastomaInhibit immunity (T cell function)Kynurenine that is not degraded by KMO or KYNU may bind to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor that recruits immune-suppressive T cells, leading to immune evasion.
Summary
SymbolKYNU
Namekynureninase
Aliases L-kynurenine hydrolase; kynureninase (L-kynurenine hydrolase); KYNUU
Chromosomal Location2q22.2
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content High-throughput screening data (e.g. CRISPR-Cas9, shRNA and RNAi) for T cell-mediated killing. Genetic screen techniques can identify mechanisms of tumor cell resistance (e.g., PTPN2) and sensitivity (e.g., APLNR) to killing by cytotoxic T cells, the central effectors of anti-tumor immunity. After comprehensively searching, eight groups of screening data sets were collected in the current database. In this tab, users can check whether their selected genes cause resistance or increase sensitivity to T cell-mediated killing in various data sets.
> High-throughput Screening
  Statistical results of KYNU in screening data sets for detecting immune reponses.
PMID Screening System Cancer Type Cell Line Data Set Statistical Results Relation to immunity
29301958CRISPR-Cas9 melanomaB16F10Pmel-1 T cell NA/NSNA/NS
29301958CRISPR-Cas9 melanomaB16F10OT-1 T cell NA/NSNA/NS
28783722CRISPR-Cas9 melanomaMel6242CT-CRISPR NA/NSNA/NS
28723893CRISPR-Cas9 melanomaB16GVAX+Anti-PD1 NA/NSNA/NS
28723893CRISPR-Cas9 melanomaB16GVAX NA/NSNA/NS
25691366RNAiBreast cancerMCF7Luc-CTL assay NA/NSNA/NS
24476824shRNAmelanomaB16Primary screen NA/NSNA/NS
24476824shRNAmelanomaB16Secondary screen NA/NSNA/NS
Summary
SymbolKYNU
Namekynureninase
Aliases L-kynurenine hydrolase; kynureninase (L-kynurenine hydrolase); KYNUU
Chromosomal Location2q22.2
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Transcriptomic and genomic profiling of pre-treated tumor biopsies from responders and non-responders to immunotherapy. These data were used to identify signatures and mechanisms of response to checkpoint blockade (e.g., anti-PDL1 and anti-PD1). One example is that mutations in the gene PBRM1 benefit clinical survival of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. After comprehensively searching, we collected 5 and 6 of transcriptomic and genomic data sets, respectively. In this tab, users can check whether their selected genes have significant difference of expression or mutation between responders and non-responders in various data sets.
> Expression difference between responders and non-responders
> Mutation difference between responders and non-responders
> Expression difference between responders and non-responders
 
Points in the above scatter plot represent the expression difference of KYNU in various data sets.
No PMID Cancer type Group Drug # Res # NRes Log2 (Fold Change) P value Anno
126997480MelanomaallAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)14120.4190.442
226997480MelanomaMAPKiAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)650.6330.654
326997480Melanomanon-MAPKiAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)870.270.792
428552987Urothelial cancerallAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 916-0.460.379
528552987Urothelial cancersmokingAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 59-1.470.252
628552987Urothelial cancernon-smokingAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 470.8210.628
729033130MelanomaallAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 26230.2060.719
829033130MelanomaNIV3-PROGAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 15110.3550.76
929033130MelanomaNIV3-NAIVEAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 1112-0.0050.997
1029301960Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)allAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 480.3170.77
1129301960Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)VEGFRiAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 2001
1229301960Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)non-VEGFRiAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 280.8590.601
1329443960Urothelial cancerallAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 68230-0.1130.588
> Mutation difference between responders and non-responders
 
Points in the above scatter plot represent the mutation difference of KYNU in various data sets.
No PMID Cancer type Group Drug # Res # NRes % Mut/Res % Mut/NRes % Diff (R vs NR) Pval Anno
125765070Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)allAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab) 14177.107.10.452
225765070Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)smokingAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab) 103100101
325765070Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)non-smokingAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab) 4140001
426359337MelanomaallAnti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab) 277311.14.170.339
526359337MelanomaBRAFiAnti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab) 0140001
626359337Melanomanon-BRAFiAnti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab) 275911.15.160.373
726997480MelanomaallAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)2117190190.113
826997480MelanomaMAPKiAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)8612.5012.51
926997480Melanomanon-MAPKiAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)131123.1023.10.223
1028552987Urothelial cancerallAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 91606.2-6.21
1128552987Urothelial cancersmokingAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 59011.1-11.11
1228552987Urothelial cancernon-smokingAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 470001
1329033130MelanomaallAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 38272.67.4-4.80.565
1429033130MelanomaNIV3-PROGAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 22134.504.51
1529033130MelanomaNIV3-NAIVEAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 1614014.3-14.30.209
1629301960Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)allAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 111307.7-7.71
1729301960Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)VEGFRiAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 610001
1829301960Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)non-VEGFRiAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 51208.3-8.31
Summary
SymbolKYNU
Namekynureninase
Aliases L-kynurenine hydrolase; kynureninase (L-kynurenine hydrolase); KYNUU
Chromosomal Location2q22.2
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Relations between abundance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and expression, copy number, methylation, or mutation of KYNU. The immune-related signatures of 28 TIL types from Charoentong's study, which can be viewed in the download page. For each cancer type, the relative abundance of TILs were inferred by using gene set variation analysis (GSVA) based on gene expression profile. In this tab, users can examine which kinds of TILs might be regulated by the current gene.
> Lymphocyte
 
Summary
SymbolKYNU
Namekynureninase
Aliases L-kynurenine hydrolase; kynureninase (L-kynurenine hydrolase); KYNUU
Chromosomal Location2q22.2
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Relations between three kinds of immunomodulators and expression, copy number, methylation, or mutation of KYNU. These immunomo-dulators were collected from Charoentong's study. In this tab, users can examine which immunomodulators might be regulated by KYNU.
> Immunoinhibitor
> Immunostimulator
> MHC molecule
> Immunoinhibitor
 
> Immunostimulator
 
> MHC molecule
 
Summary
SymbolKYNU
Namekynureninase
Aliases L-kynurenine hydrolase; kynureninase (L-kynurenine hydrolase); KYNUU
Chromosomal Location2q22.2
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Relations between chemokines (or receptors) and expression, copy number, methylation, or mutation of KYNU. In this tab, users can examine which chemokines (or receptors) might be regulated by the current gene.
> Chemokine
> Receptor
> Chemokine
 
> Receptor
 
Summary
SymbolKYNU
Namekynureninase
Aliases L-kynurenine hydrolase; kynureninase (L-kynurenine hydrolase); KYNUU
Chromosomal Location2q22.2
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Distribution of KYNU expression across immune and molecular subtypes.
> Immune subtype
> Molecular subtype
> Immune subtype
 
> Molecular subtype
 
Summary
SymbolKYNU
Namekynureninase
Aliases L-kynurenine hydrolase; kynureninase (L-kynurenine hydrolase); KYNUU
Chromosomal Location2q22.2
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Associations between KYNU and clinical features.
> Overall survival analysis
> Cancer stage
> Tumor grade
> Overall survival
 
> Stage
 
> Grade
 
Summary
SymbolKYNU
Namekynureninase
Aliases L-kynurenine hydrolase; kynureninase (L-kynurenine hydrolase); KYNUU
Chromosomal Location2q22.2
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Drugs targeting KYNU collected from DrugBank database.
> Drugs from DrugBank database
 

  Details on drugs targeting KYNU.
ID Name Drug Type Targets #Targets
DB00114Pyridoxal PhosphateSmall MoleculeAADAT, ABAT, AGXT, AGXT2, ALAS1, ALAS2, AZIN2, BCAT1, BCAT2, CBS, ......54
DB00160L-AlanineSmall MoleculeAARS, AARS2, ABAT, AGXT, AGXT2, GPT, GPT2, KYNU, NFS1, PHYKPL, SLC ......13
DB070693-Hydroxyhippuric acidSmall MoleculeKYNU1