TISIDB

Summary
Symbol	PRLR
Name	prolactin receptor
Aliases	HPRL; MFAB; hPRLrI; hPRL receptor; secreted prolactin binding protein
Chromosomal Location	5p14-p13
External Links	HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content	Basic function annotation. > Subcellular Location, Domain and Function > Gene Ontology > KEGG and Reactome Pathway

> Subcellular Location, Domain and Function [ TOP ]
Subcellular Location	Membrane Single-pass type I membrane protein ; SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Isoform 7: Secreted.
Domain	PF09067 Erythropoietin receptor
Function	This is a receptor for the anterior pituitary hormone prolactin (PRL). Acts as a prosurvival factor for spermatozoa by inhibiting sperm capacitation through suppression of SRC kinase activation and stimulation of AKT. Isoform 4 is unable to transduce prolactin signaling. Isoform 6 is unable to transduce prolactin signaling.

> Gene Ontology [ TOP ]
Biological Process	GO:0001655 urogenital system development GO:0006694 steroid biosynthetic process GO:0007159 leukocyte cell-cell adhesion GO:0007171 activation of transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity GO:0007259 JAK-STAT cascade GO:0007565 female pregnancy GO:0007566 embryo implantation GO:0007589 body fluid secretion GO:0007595 lactation GO:0008202 steroid metabolic process GO:0009755 hormone-mediated signaling pathway GO:0018108 peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation GO:0018212 peptidyl-tyrosine modification GO:0030850 prostate gland development GO:0030856 regulation of epithelial cell differentiation GO:0030879 mammary gland development GO:0032147 activation of protein kinase activity GO:0032941 secretion by tissue GO:0033674 positive regulation of kinase activity GO:0035265 organ growth GO:0038161 prolactin signaling pathway GO:0042110 T cell activation GO:0042976 activation of Janus kinase activity GO:0042977 activation of JAK2 kinase activity GO:0043434 response to peptide hormone GO:0044706 multi-multicellular organism process GO:0045860 positive regulation of protein kinase activity GO:0046425 regulation of JAK-STAT cascade GO:0046427 positive regulation of JAK-STAT cascade GO:0048608 reproductive structure development GO:0048732 gland development GO:0050878 regulation of body fluid levels GO:0060396 growth hormone receptor signaling pathway GO:0060397 JAK-STAT cascade involved in growth hormone signaling pathway GO:0060416 response to growth hormone GO:0060644 mammary gland epithelial cell differentiation GO:0060736 prostate gland growth GO:0060749 mammary gland alveolus development GO:0061180 mammary gland epithelium development GO:0061377 mammary gland lobule development GO:0061458 reproductive system development GO:0070486 leukocyte aggregation GO:0070489 T cell aggregation GO:0071375 cellular response to peptide hormone stimulus GO:0071378 cellular response to growth hormone stimulus GO:0071417 cellular response to organonitrogen compound GO:0071593 lymphocyte aggregation GO:0097696 STAT cascade GO:1901652 response to peptide GO:1901653 cellular response to peptide GO:1904892 regulation of STAT cascade GO:1904894 positive regulation of STAT cascade
Molecular Function	GO:0004896 cytokine receptor activity GO:0004925 prolactin receptor activity GO:0008047 enzyme activator activity GO:0017046 peptide hormone binding GO:0033218 amide binding GO:0042277 peptide binding GO:0042562 hormone binding GO:0042978 ornithine decarboxylase activator activity GO:0042979 ornithine decarboxylase regulator activity
Cellular Component	GO:0005775 vacuolar lumen GO:0031904 endosome lumen GO:0044440 endosomal part

> KEGG and Reactome Pathway [ TOP ]
KEGG	hsa04060 Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction hsa04080 Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction hsa04151 PI3K-Akt signaling pathway hsa04630 Jak-STAT signaling pathway hsa04917 Prolactin signaling pathway
Reactome	R-HSA-1280215: Cytokine Signaling in Immune system R-HSA-982772: Growth hormone receptor signaling R-HSA-168256: Immune System R-HSA-1170546: Prolactin receptor signaling

Summary
Symbol	PRLR
Name	prolactin receptor
Aliases	HPRL; MFAB; hPRLrI; hPRL receptor; secreted prolactin binding protein
Chromosomal Location	5p14-p13
External Links	HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content	Literatures that report relations between PRLR and anti-tumor immunity. The specific mechanism were also collected if the literature reports that a gene specifically promotes or inhibits the infiltration or function of T/NK cells.

> Text Mining

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Literatures describing the relation between PRLR and anti-tumor immunity in human cancer.

PMID	Cancer type	Relation to immunity	Evidence sentences
29684277	breast carcinoma; prostate carcinoma	Inhibit immunity	Prolactin receptor (PRLR) is overexpressed in breast and prostate cancers and is a new target for cancer therapy.

Summary
Symbol	PRLR
Name	prolactin receptor
Aliases	HPRL; MFAB; hPRLrI; hPRL receptor; secreted prolactin binding protein
Chromosomal Location	5p14-p13
External Links	HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content	High-throughput screening data (e.g. CRISPR-Cas9, shRNA and RNAi) for T cell-mediated killing. Genetic screen techniques can identify mechanisms of tumor cell resistance (e.g., PTPN2) and sensitivity (e.g., APLNR) to killing by cytotoxic T cells, the central effectors of anti-tumor immunity. After comprehensively searching, eight groups of screening data sets were collected in the current database. In this tab, users can check whether their selected genes cause resistance or increase sensitivity to T cell-mediated killing in various data sets.

> High-throughput Screening

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Statistical results of PRLR in screening data sets for detecting immune reponses.

PMID	Screening System	Cancer Type	Cell Line	Data Set	Statistical Results	Relation to immunity
29301958	CRISPR-Cas9	melanoma	B16F10	Pmel-1 T cell	NA/NS	NA/NS
29301958	CRISPR-Cas9	melanoma	B16F10	OT-1 T cell	NA/NS	NA/NS
28783722	CRISPR-Cas9	melanoma	Mel624	2CT-CRISPR	NA/NS	NA/NS
28723893	CRISPR-Cas9	melanoma	B16	GVAX+Anti-PD1	NA/NS	NA/NS
28723893	CRISPR-Cas9	melanoma	B16	GVAX	NA/NS	NA/NS
25691366	RNAi	Breast cancer	MCF7	Luc-CTL assay	NA/NS	NA/NS
24476824	shRNA	melanoma	B16	Primary screen	NA/NS	NA/NS
24476824	shRNA	melanoma	B16	Secondary screen	NA/NS	NA/NS

Summary
Symbol	PRLR
Name	prolactin receptor
Aliases	HPRL; MFAB; hPRLrI; hPRL receptor; secreted prolactin binding protein
Chromosomal Location	5p14-p13
External Links	HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content	Transcriptomic and genomic profiling of pre-treated tumor biopsies from responders and non-responders to immunotherapy. These data were used to identify signatures and mechanisms of response to checkpoint blockade (e.g., anti-PDL1 and anti-PD1). One example is that mutations in the gene PBRM1 benefit clinical survival of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. After comprehensively searching, we collected 5 and 6 of transcriptomic and genomic data sets, respectively. In this tab, users can check whether their selected genes have significant difference of expression or mutation between responders and non-responders in various data sets. > Expression difference between responders and non-responders > Mutation difference between responders and non-responders

> Expression difference between responders and non-responders

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Points in the above scatter plot represent the expression difference of PRLR in various data sets.

No	PMID	Cancer type	Group	Drug	# Res	# NRes	Log2 (Fold Change)	P value
1	26997480	Melanoma	all	Anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)	14	12	-0.076	0.807
2	26997480	Melanoma	MAPKi	Anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)	6	5	-0.614	0.239
3	26997480	Melanoma	non-MAPKi	Anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)	8	7	0.324	0.491
4	28552987	Urothelial cancer	all	Anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab)	9	16	0.996	0.113
5	28552987	Urothelial cancer	smoking	Anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab)	5	9	0.677	0.644
6	28552987	Urothelial cancer	non-smoking	Anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab)	4	7	1.392	0.389
7	29033130	Melanoma	all	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	26	23	0.083	0.895
8	29033130	Melanoma	NIV3-PROG	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	15	11	-0.044	0.963
9	29033130	Melanoma	NIV3-NAIVE	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	11	12	0.105	0.924
10	29301960	Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)	all	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	4	8	-0.161	0.836
11	29301960	Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)	VEGFRi	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	2	0	0	1
12	29301960	Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)	non-VEGFRi	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	2	8	0.644	0.508
13	29443960	Urothelial cancer	all	Anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab)	68	230	0.563	0.0486

> Mutation difference between responders and non-responders

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Points in the above scatter plot represent the mutation difference of PRLR in various data sets.

No	PMID	Cancer type	Group	Drug	# Res	# NRes	% Mut/Res	% Mut/NRes	% Diff (R vs NR)	Pval
1	25765070	Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)	all	Anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab)	14	17	0	0	0	1
2	25765070	Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)	smoking	Anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab)	10	3	0	0	0	1
3	25765070	Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)	non-smoking	Anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab)	4	14	0	0	0	1
4	26359337	Melanoma	all	Anti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab)	27	73	3.7	4.1	-0.4	1
5	26359337	Melanoma	BRAFi	Anti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab)	0	14	0	0	0	1
6	26359337	Melanoma	non-BRAFi	Anti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab)	27	59	3.7	5.1	-1.4	1
7	26997480	Melanoma	all	Anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)	21	17	9.5	0	9.5	0.492
8	26997480	Melanoma	MAPKi	Anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)	8	6	12.5	0	12.5	1
9	26997480	Melanoma	non-MAPKi	Anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)	13	11	7.7	0	7.7	1
10	28552987	Urothelial cancer	all	Anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab)	9	16	0	0	0	1
11	28552987	Urothelial cancer	smoking	Anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab)	5	9	0	0	0	1
12	28552987	Urothelial cancer	non-smoking	Anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab)	4	7	0	0	0	1
13	29033130	Melanoma	all	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	38	27	5.3	0	5.3	0.507
14	29033130	Melanoma	NIV3-PROG	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	22	13	9.1	0	9.1	0.519
15	29033130	Melanoma	NIV3-NAIVE	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	16	14	0	0	0	1
16	29301960	Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)	all	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	11	13	0	0	0	1
17	29301960	Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)	VEGFRi	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	6	1	0	0	0	1
18	29301960	Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)	non-VEGFRi	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	5	12	0	0	0	1

Summary
Symbol	PRLR
Name	prolactin receptor
Aliases	HPRL; MFAB; hPRLrI; hPRL receptor; secreted prolactin binding protein
Chromosomal Location	5p14-p13
External Links	HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content	Relations between abundance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and expression, copy number, methylation, or mutation of PRLR. The immune-related signatures of 28 TIL types from Charoentong's study, which can be viewed in the download page. For each cancer type, the relative abundance of TILs were inferred by using gene set variation analysis (GSVA) based on gene expression profile. In this tab, users can examine which kinds of TILs might be regulated by the current gene.

> Lymphocyte [ TOP ]

Summary
Symbol	PRLR
Name	prolactin receptor
Aliases	HPRL; MFAB; hPRLrI; hPRL receptor; secreted prolactin binding protein
Chromosomal Location	5p14-p13
External Links	HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content	Relations between three kinds of immunomodulators and expression, copy number, methylation, or mutation of PRLR. These immunomo-dulators were collected from Charoentong's study. In this tab, users can examine which immunomodulators might be regulated by PRLR. > Immunoinhibitor > Immunostimulator > MHC molecule

> Immunoinhibitor [ TOP ]

> Immunostimulator [ TOP ]

> MHC molecule [ TOP ]

Summary
Symbol	PRLR
Name	prolactin receptor
Aliases	HPRL; MFAB; hPRLrI; hPRL receptor; secreted prolactin binding protein
Chromosomal Location	5p14-p13
External Links	HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content	Relations between chemokines (or receptors) and expression, copy number, methylation, or mutation of PRLR. In this tab, users can examine which chemokines (or receptors) might be regulated by the current gene. > Chemokine > Receptor

> Chemokine [ TOP ]

> Receptor [ TOP ]

Summary
Symbol	PRLR
Name	prolactin receptor
Aliases	HPRL; MFAB; hPRLrI; hPRL receptor; secreted prolactin binding protein
Chromosomal Location	5p14-p13
External Links	HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content	Distribution of PRLR expression across immune and molecular subtypes. > Immune subtype > Molecular subtype

> Immune subtype [ TOP ]

> Molecular subtype [ TOP ]

Summary
Symbol	PRLR
Name	prolactin receptor
Aliases	HPRL; MFAB; hPRLrI; hPRL receptor; secreted prolactin binding protein
Chromosomal Location	5p14-p13
External Links	HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content	Associations between PRLR and clinical features. > Overall survival analysis > Cancer stage > Tumor grade

> Overall survival [ TOP ]

> Stage [ TOP ]

> Grade [ TOP ]

Summary
Symbol	PRLR
Name	prolactin receptor
Aliases	HPRL; MFAB; hPRLrI; hPRL receptor; secreted prolactin binding protein
Chromosomal Location	5p14-p13
External Links	HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content	Drugs targeting PRLR collected from DrugBank database.

> Drugs from DrugBank database

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Details on drugs targeting PRLR.

ID	Name	Drug Type	Targets	#Targets
DB00052	Somatotropin	Biotech	GHR, PRLR	2
DB01185	Fluoxymesterone	Small Molecule	AR, ESR1, HSD11B2, NR3C1, PRLR	5

Browse PRLR