TISIDB

Summary
Symbol	PTHLH
Name	parathyroid hormone-like hormone
Aliases	PTHRP; osteostatin; parathyroid hormone-like hormone preproprotein; parathyroid hormone-related protein prep ......
Chromosomal Location	12p12.1-p11.2
External Links	HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content	Basic function annotation. > Subcellular Location, Domain and Function > Gene Ontology > KEGG and Reactome Pathway

> Subcellular Location, Domain and Function [ TOP ]
Subcellular Location	Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Secreted.
Domain	PF01279 Parathyroid hormone family
Function	Neuroendocrine peptide which is a critical regulator of cellular and organ growth, development, migration, differentiation and survival and of epithelial calcium ion transport. Regulates endochondral bone development and epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during the formation of the mammary glands and teeth. Required for skeletal homeostasis. Promotes mammary mesenchyme differentiation and bud outgrowth by modulating mesenchymal cell responsiveness to BMPs. Upregulates BMPR1A expression in the mammary mesenchyme and this increases the sensitivity of these cells to BMPs and allows them to respond to BMP4 in a paracrine and/or autocrine fashion. BMP4 signaling in the mesenchyme, in turn, triggers epithelial outgrowth and augments MSX2 expression, which causes the mammary mesenchyme to inhibit hair follicle formation within the nipple sheath (By similarity). Promotes colon cancer cell migration and invasion in an integrin alpha-6/beta-1-dependent manner through activation of Rac1. ; FUNCTION: Osteostatin is a potent inhibitor of osteoclastic bone resorption.

> Gene Ontology [ TOP ]
Biological Process	GO:0001501 skeletal system development GO:0001503 ossification GO:0001649 osteoblast differentiation GO:0002062 chondrocyte differentiation GO:0002076 osteoblast development GO:0006140 regulation of nucleotide metabolic process GO:0006164 purine nucleotide biosynthetic process GO:0006171 cAMP biosynthetic process GO:0007187 G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger GO:0007188 adenylate cyclase-modulating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway GO:0007189 adenylate cyclase-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway GO:0007565 female pregnancy GO:0008544 epidermis development GO:0009150 purine ribonucleotide metabolic process GO:0009152 purine ribonucleotide biosynthetic process GO:0009165 nucleotide biosynthetic process GO:0009187 cyclic nucleotide metabolic process GO:0009190 cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process GO:0009260 ribonucleotide biosynthetic process GO:0030799 regulation of cyclic nucleotide metabolic process GO:0030801 positive regulation of cyclic nucleotide metabolic process GO:0030802 regulation of cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process GO:0030804 positive regulation of cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process GO:0030808 regulation of nucleotide biosynthetic process GO:0030810 positive regulation of nucleotide biosynthetic process GO:0030814 regulation of cAMP metabolic process GO:0030816 positive regulation of cAMP metabolic process GO:0030817 regulation of cAMP biosynthetic process GO:0030819 positive regulation of cAMP biosynthetic process GO:0032330 regulation of chondrocyte differentiation GO:0032331 negative regulation of chondrocyte differentiation GO:0044706 multi-multicellular organism process GO:0045981 positive regulation of nucleotide metabolic process GO:0046058 cAMP metabolic process GO:0046390 ribose phosphate biosynthetic process GO:0051216 cartilage development GO:0052652 cyclic purine nucleotide metabolic process GO:0061035 regulation of cartilage development GO:0061037 negative regulation of cartilage development GO:0061448 connective tissue development GO:0072522 purine-containing compound biosynthetic process GO:1900371 regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthetic process GO:1900373 positive regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthetic process GO:1900542 regulation of purine nucleotide metabolic process GO:1900544 positive regulation of purine nucleotide metabolic process GO:1901293 nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process
Molecular Function	GO:0005179 hormone activity GO:0051427 hormone receptor binding GO:0051428 peptide hormone receptor binding
Cellular Component	-

> KEGG and Reactome Pathway [ TOP ]
KEGG	-
Reactome	R-HSA-373080: Class B/2 (Secretin family receptors) R-HSA-418555: G alpha (s) signalling events R-HSA-388396: GPCR downstream signaling R-HSA-500792: GPCR ligand binding R-HSA-162582: Signal Transduction R-HSA-372790: Signaling by GPCR

Summary
Symbol	PTHLH
Name	parathyroid hormone-like hormone
Aliases	PTHRP; osteostatin; parathyroid hormone-like hormone preproprotein; parathyroid hormone-related protein prep ......
Chromosomal Location	12p12.1-p11.2
External Links	HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content	Literatures that report relations between PTHLH and anti-tumor immunity. The specific mechanism were also collected if the literature reports that a gene specifically promotes or inhibits the infiltration or function of T/NK cells.

> Text Mining [ TOP ]
There is no record.

Summary
Symbol	PTHLH
Name	parathyroid hormone-like hormone
Aliases	PTHRP; osteostatin; parathyroid hormone-like hormone preproprotein; parathyroid hormone-related protein prep ......
Chromosomal Location	12p12.1-p11.2
External Links	HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content	High-throughput screening data (e.g. CRISPR-Cas9, shRNA and RNAi) for T cell-mediated killing. Genetic screen techniques can identify mechanisms of tumor cell resistance (e.g., PTPN2) and sensitivity (e.g., APLNR) to killing by cytotoxic T cells, the central effectors of anti-tumor immunity. After comprehensively searching, eight groups of screening data sets were collected in the current database. In this tab, users can check whether their selected genes cause resistance or increase sensitivity to T cell-mediated killing in various data sets.

> High-throughput Screening

[ TOP ]

Statistical results of PTHLH in screening data sets for detecting immune reponses.

PMID	Screening System	Cancer Type	Cell Line	Data Set	Statistical Results	Relation to immunity
29301958	CRISPR-Cas9	melanoma	B16F10	Pmel-1 T cell	NA/NS	NA/NS
29301958	CRISPR-Cas9	melanoma	B16F10	OT-1 T cell	NA/NS	NA/NS
28783722	CRISPR-Cas9	melanoma	Mel624	2CT-CRISPR	NA/NS	NA/NS
28723893	CRISPR-Cas9	melanoma	B16	GVAX+Anti-PD1	NA/NS	NA/NS
28723893	CRISPR-Cas9	melanoma	B16	GVAX	NA/NS	NA/NS
25691366	RNAi	Breast cancer	MCF7	Luc-CTL assay	NA/NS	NA/NS
24476824	shRNA	melanoma	B16	Primary screen	NA/NS	NA/NS
24476824	shRNA	melanoma	B16	Secondary screen	NA/NS	NA/NS

Summary
Symbol	PTHLH
Name	parathyroid hormone-like hormone
Aliases	PTHRP; osteostatin; parathyroid hormone-like hormone preproprotein; parathyroid hormone-related protein prep ......
Chromosomal Location	12p12.1-p11.2
External Links	HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content	Transcriptomic and genomic profiling of pre-treated tumor biopsies from responders and non-responders to immunotherapy. These data were used to identify signatures and mechanisms of response to checkpoint blockade (e.g., anti-PDL1 and anti-PD1). One example is that mutations in the gene PBRM1 benefit clinical survival of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. After comprehensively searching, we collected 5 and 6 of transcriptomic and genomic data sets, respectively. In this tab, users can check whether their selected genes have significant difference of expression or mutation between responders and non-responders in various data sets. > Expression difference between responders and non-responders > Mutation difference between responders and non-responders

> Expression difference between responders and non-responders

[ TOP ]

Points in the above scatter plot represent the expression difference of PTHLH in various data sets.

No	PMID	Cancer type	Group	Drug	# Res	# NRes	Log2 (Fold Change)	P value
1	26997480	Melanoma	all	Anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)	14	12	-0.691	0.0977
2	26997480	Melanoma	MAPKi	Anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)	6	5	-1.462	0.0474
3	26997480	Melanoma	non-MAPKi	Anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)	8	7	-0.127	0.839
4	28552987	Urothelial cancer	all	Anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab)	9	16	-0.967	0.171
5	28552987	Urothelial cancer	smoking	Anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab)	5	9	-1.07	0.415
6	28552987	Urothelial cancer	non-smoking	Anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab)	4	7	-0.829	0.634
7	29033130	Melanoma	all	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	26	23	-0.093	0.894
8	29033130	Melanoma	NIV3-PROG	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	15	11	-0.228	0.822
9	29033130	Melanoma	NIV3-NAIVE	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	11	12	0.104	0.922
10	29301960	Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)	all	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	4	8	-0.989	0.612
11	29301960	Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)	VEGFRi	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	2	0	0	1
12	29301960	Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)	non-VEGFRi	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	2	8	-1.312	0.634
13	29443960	Urothelial cancer	all	Anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab)	68	230	-0.919	0.00439

> Mutation difference between responders and non-responders

[ TOP ]

Points in the above scatter plot represent the mutation difference of PTHLH in various data sets.

No	PMID	Cancer type	Group	Drug	# Res	# NRes	% Mut/Res	% Mut/NRes	% Diff (R vs NR)	Pval
1	25765070	Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)	all	Anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab)	14	17	0	0	0	1
2	25765070	Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)	smoking	Anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab)	10	3	0	0	0	1
3	25765070	Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)	non-smoking	Anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab)	4	14	0	0	0	1
4	26359337	Melanoma	all	Anti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab)	27	73	0	0	0	1
5	26359337	Melanoma	BRAFi	Anti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab)	0	14	0	0	0	1
6	26359337	Melanoma	non-BRAFi	Anti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab)	27	59	0	0	0	1
7	26997480	Melanoma	all	Anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)	21	17	0	0	0	1
8	26997480	Melanoma	MAPKi	Anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)	8	6	0	0	0	1
9	26997480	Melanoma	non-MAPKi	Anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)	13	11	0	0	0	1
10	28552987	Urothelial cancer	all	Anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab)	9	16	0	6.2	-6.2	1
11	28552987	Urothelial cancer	smoking	Anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab)	5	9	0	11.1	-11.1	1
12	28552987	Urothelial cancer	non-smoking	Anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab)	4	7	0	0	0	1
13	29033130	Melanoma	all	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	38	27	2.6	0	2.6	1
14	29033130	Melanoma	NIV3-PROG	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	22	13	4.5	0	4.5	1
15	29033130	Melanoma	NIV3-NAIVE	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	16	14	0	0	0	1
16	29301960	Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)	all	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	11	13	0	0	0	1
17	29301960	Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)	VEGFRi	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	6	1	0	0	0	1
18	29301960	Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)	non-VEGFRi	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	5	12	0	0	0	1

Summary
Symbol	PTHLH
Name	parathyroid hormone-like hormone
Aliases	PTHRP; osteostatin; parathyroid hormone-like hormone preproprotein; parathyroid hormone-related protein prep ......
Chromosomal Location	12p12.1-p11.2
External Links	HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content	Relations between abundance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and expression, copy number, methylation, or mutation of PTHLH. The immune-related signatures of 28 TIL types from Charoentong's study, which can be viewed in the download page. For each cancer type, the relative abundance of TILs were inferred by using gene set variation analysis (GSVA) based on gene expression profile. In this tab, users can examine which kinds of TILs might be regulated by the current gene.

> Lymphocyte [ TOP ]

Summary
Symbol	PTHLH
Name	parathyroid hormone-like hormone
Aliases	PTHRP; osteostatin; parathyroid hormone-like hormone preproprotein; parathyroid hormone-related protein prep ......
Chromosomal Location	12p12.1-p11.2
External Links	HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content	Relations between three kinds of immunomodulators and expression, copy number, methylation, or mutation of PTHLH. These immunomo-dulators were collected from Charoentong's study. In this tab, users can examine which immunomodulators might be regulated by PTHLH. > Immunoinhibitor > Immunostimulator > MHC molecule

> Immunoinhibitor [ TOP ]

> Immunostimulator [ TOP ]

> MHC molecule [ TOP ]

Summary
Symbol	PTHLH
Name	parathyroid hormone-like hormone
Aliases	PTHRP; osteostatin; parathyroid hormone-like hormone preproprotein; parathyroid hormone-related protein prep ......
Chromosomal Location	12p12.1-p11.2
External Links	HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content	Relations between chemokines (or receptors) and expression, copy number, methylation, or mutation of PTHLH. In this tab, users can examine which chemokines (or receptors) might be regulated by the current gene. > Chemokine > Receptor

> Chemokine [ TOP ]

> Receptor [ TOP ]

Summary
Symbol	PTHLH
Name	parathyroid hormone-like hormone
Aliases	PTHRP; osteostatin; parathyroid hormone-like hormone preproprotein; parathyroid hormone-related protein prep ......
Chromosomal Location	12p12.1-p11.2
External Links	HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content	Distribution of PTHLH expression across immune and molecular subtypes. > Immune subtype > Molecular subtype

> Immune subtype [ TOP ]

> Molecular subtype [ TOP ]

Summary
Symbol	PTHLH
Name	parathyroid hormone-like hormone
Aliases	PTHRP; osteostatin; parathyroid hormone-like hormone preproprotein; parathyroid hormone-related protein prep ......
Chromosomal Location	12p12.1-p11.2
External Links	HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content	Associations between PTHLH and clinical features. > Overall survival analysis > Cancer stage > Tumor grade

> Overall survival [ TOP ]

> Stage [ TOP ]

> Grade [ TOP ]

Summary
Symbol	PTHLH
Name	parathyroid hormone-like hormone
Aliases	PTHRP; osteostatin; parathyroid hormone-like hormone preproprotein; parathyroid hormone-related protein prep ......
Chromosomal Location	12p12.1-p11.2
External Links	HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content	Drugs targeting PTHLH collected from DrugBank database.

> Drugs from DrugBank database [ TOP ]
There is no record.

Browse PTHLH