Summary | |
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Symbol | S100A9 |
Name | S100 calcium binding protein A9 |
Aliases | LIAG; MRP14; MAC387; CGLB; CAGB; S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (calgranulin B); S100 calcium binding prote ...... |
Chromosomal Location | 1q21 |
External Links | HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards |
Content |
Basic function annotation. > Subcellular Location, Domain and Function > Gene Ontology > KEGG and Reactome Pathway |
Subcellular Location | Secreted. Cytoplasm. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton. Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Note=Predominantly localized in the cytoplasm. Upon elevation of the intracellular calcium level, translocated from the cytoplasm to the cytoskeleton and the cell membrane. Upon neutrophil activation or endothelial adhesion of monocytes, is secreted via a microtubule-mediated, alternative pathway. |
Domain |
PF01023 S-100/ICaBP type calcium binding domain |
Function |
S100A9 is a calcium- and zinc-binding protein which plays a prominent role in the regulation of inflammatory processes and immune response. It can induce neutrophil chemotaxis, adhesion, can increase the bactericidal activity of neutrophils by promoting phagocytosis via activation of SYK, PI3K/AKT, and ERK1/2 and can induce degranulation of neutrophils by a MAPK-dependent mechanism. Predominantly found as calprotectin (S100A8/A9) which has a wide plethora of intra- and extracellular functions. The intracellular functions include: facilitating leukocyte arachidonic acid trafficking and metabolism, modulation of the tubulin-dependent cytoskeleton during migration of phagocytes and activation of the neutrophilic NADPH-oxidase. Activates NADPH-oxidase by facilitating the enzyme complex assembly at the cell membrane, transferring arachidonic acid, an essential cofactor, to the enzyme complex and S100A8 contributes to the enzyme assembly by directly binding to NCF2/P67PHOX. The extracellular functions involve proinflammatory, antimicrobial, oxidant-scavenging and apoptosis-inducing activities. Its proinflammatory activity includes recruitment of leukocytes, promotion of cytokine and chemokine production, and regulation of leukocyte adhesion and migration. Acts as an alarmin or a danger associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule and stimulates innate immune cells via binding to pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (AGER). Binding to TLR4 and AGER activates the MAP-kinase and NF-kappa-B signaling pathways resulting in the amplification of the proinflammatory cascade. Has antimicrobial activity towards bacteria and fungi and exerts its antimicrobial activity probably via chelation of Zn(2+) which is essential for microbial growth. Can induce cell death via autophagy and apoptosis and this occurs through the cross-talk of mitochondria and lysosomes via reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the process involves BNIP3. Can regulate neutrophil number and apoptosis by an anti-apoptotic effect; regulates cell survival via ITGAM/ITGB and TLR4 and a signaling mechanism involving MEK-ERK. Its role as an oxidant scavenger has a protective role in preventing exaggerated tissue damage by scavenging oxidants. Can act as a potent amplifier of inflammation in autoimmunity as well as in cancer development and tumor spread. Has transnitrosylase activity; in oxidatively-modified low-densitity lipoprotein (LDL(ox))-induced S-nitrosylation of GAPDH on 'Cys-247' proposed to transfer the NO moiety from NOS2/iNOS to GAPDH via its own S-nitrosylated Cys-3. The iNOS-S100A8/A9 transnitrosylase complex is proposed to also direct selective inflammatory stimulus-dependent S-nitrosylation of multiple targets such as ANXA5, EZR, MSN and VIM by recognizing a [IL]-x-C-x-x-[DE] motif. |
Biological Process |
GO:0001558 regulation of cell growth GO:0002523 leukocyte migration involved in inflammatory response GO:0002790 peptide secretion GO:0002791 regulation of peptide secretion GO:0002793 positive regulation of peptide secretion GO:0006417 regulation of translation GO:0006875 cellular metal ion homeostasis GO:0006882 cellular zinc ion homeostasis GO:0006914 autophagy GO:0006919 activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process GO:0007009 plasma membrane organization GO:0007159 leukocyte cell-cell adhesion GO:0007596 blood coagulation GO:0007599 hemostasis GO:0009620 response to fungus GO:0009636 response to toxic substance GO:0010001 glial cell differentiation GO:0010608 posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression GO:0010950 positive regulation of endopeptidase activity GO:0010952 positive regulation of peptidase activity GO:0014002 astrocyte development GO:0015833 peptide transport GO:0016049 cell growth GO:0017014 protein nitrosylation GO:0018119 peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation GO:0018198 peptidyl-cysteine modification GO:0021782 glial cell development GO:0030193 regulation of blood coagulation GO:0030194 positive regulation of blood coagulation GO:0030307 positive regulation of cell growth GO:0030593 neutrophil chemotaxis GO:0030595 leukocyte chemotaxis GO:0031349 positive regulation of defense response GO:0031532 actin cytoskeleton reorganization GO:0032103 positive regulation of response to external stimulus GO:0032119 sequestering of zinc ion GO:0032602 chemokine production GO:0034248 regulation of cellular amide metabolic process GO:0035606 peptidyl-cysteine S-trans-nitrosylation GO:0042063 gliogenesis GO:0042742 defense response to bacterium GO:0042886 amide transport GO:0043280 positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process GO:0043281 regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process GO:0045112 integrin biosynthetic process GO:0045113 regulation of integrin biosynthetic process GO:0045862 positive regulation of proteolysis GO:0045927 positive regulation of growth GO:0046916 cellular transition metal ion homeostasis GO:0048708 astrocyte differentiation GO:0050727 regulation of inflammatory response GO:0050729 positive regulation of inflammatory response GO:0050817 coagulation GO:0050818 regulation of coagulation GO:0050820 positive regulation of coagulation GO:0050832 defense response to fungus GO:0050878 regulation of body fluid levels GO:0050900 leukocyte migration GO:0051047 positive regulation of secretion GO:0051090 regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity GO:0051091 positive regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity GO:0051092 positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity GO:0051235 maintenance of location GO:0051238 sequestering of metal ion GO:0051493 regulation of cytoskeleton organization GO:0052547 regulation of peptidase activity GO:0052548 regulation of endopeptidase activity GO:0055069 zinc ion homeostasis GO:0055076 transition metal ion homeostasis GO:0060326 cell chemotaxis GO:0061041 regulation of wound healing GO:0070486 leukocyte aggregation GO:0070488 neutrophil aggregation GO:0071621 granulocyte chemotaxis GO:0072503 cellular divalent inorganic cation homeostasis GO:0072507 divalent inorganic cation homeostasis GO:0090087 regulation of peptide transport GO:0090303 positive regulation of wound healing GO:0097193 intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway GO:0097529 myeloid leukocyte migration GO:0097530 granulocyte migration GO:0098542 defense response to other organism GO:0098754 detoxification GO:0098869 cellular oxidant detoxification GO:1900046 regulation of hemostasis GO:1900048 positive regulation of hemostasis GO:1903034 regulation of response to wounding GO:1903036 positive regulation of response to wounding GO:1903729 regulation of plasma membrane organization GO:1990266 neutrophil migration GO:1990748 cellular detoxification GO:2000116 regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity GO:2001056 positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity GO:2001233 regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway GO:2001235 positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway GO:2001242 regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway GO:2001244 positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway |
Molecular Function |
GO:0005504 fatty acid binding GO:0008017 microtubule binding GO:0015631 tubulin binding GO:0016209 antioxidant activity GO:0031406 carboxylic acid binding GO:0033293 monocarboxylic acid binding GO:0035325 Toll-like receptor binding GO:0035662 Toll-like receptor 4 binding GO:0036041 long-chain fatty acid binding GO:0043168 anion binding GO:0050542 icosanoid binding GO:0050543 icosatetraenoic acid binding GO:0050544 arachidonic acid binding GO:0050786 RAGE receptor binding |
Cellular Component | - |
KEGG | - |
Reactome |
R-HSA-6803157: Antimicrobial peptides R-HSA-168256: Immune System R-HSA-168249: Innate Immune System R-HSA-6799990: Metal sequestration by antimicrobial proteins R-HSA-6798695: Neutrophil degranulation R-HSA-5686938: Regulation of TLR by endogenous ligand R-HSA-168898: Toll-Like Receptors Cascades |
Summary | |
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Symbol | S100A9 |
Name | S100 calcium binding protein A9 |
Aliases | LIAG; MRP14; MAC387; CGLB; CAGB; S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (calgranulin B); S100 calcium binding prote ...... |
Chromosomal Location | 1q21 |
External Links | HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards |
Content | Literatures that report relations between S100A9 and anti-tumor immunity. The specific mechanism were also collected if the literature reports that a gene specifically promotes or inhibits the infiltration or function of T/NK cells. |
Literatures describing the relation between S100A9 and anti-tumor immunity in human cancer.
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Summary | |
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Symbol | S100A9 |
Name | S100 calcium binding protein A9 |
Aliases | LIAG; MRP14; MAC387; CGLB; CAGB; S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (calgranulin B); S100 calcium binding prote ...... |
Chromosomal Location | 1q21 |
External Links | HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards |
Content | High-throughput screening data (e.g. CRISPR-Cas9, shRNA and RNAi) for T cell-mediated killing. Genetic screen techniques can identify mechanisms of tumor cell resistance (e.g., PTPN2) and sensitivity (e.g., APLNR) to killing by cytotoxic T cells, the central effectors of anti-tumor immunity. After comprehensively searching, eight groups of screening data sets were collected in the current database. In this tab, users can check whether their selected genes cause resistance or increase sensitivity to T cell-mediated killing in various data sets. |
> High-throughput Screening
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Statistical results of S100A9 in screening data sets for detecting immune reponses.
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Summary | |
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Symbol | S100A9 |
Name | S100 calcium binding protein A9 |
Aliases | LIAG; MRP14; MAC387; CGLB; CAGB; S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (calgranulin B); S100 calcium binding prote ...... |
Chromosomal Location | 1q21 |
External Links | HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards |
Content |
Transcriptomic and genomic profiling of pre-treated tumor biopsies from responders and non-responders to immunotherapy. These data were used to identify signatures and mechanisms of response to checkpoint blockade (e.g., anti-PDL1 and anti-PD1). One example is that mutations in the gene PBRM1 benefit clinical survival of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. After comprehensively searching, we collected 5 and 6 of transcriptomic and genomic data sets, respectively. In this tab, users can check whether their selected genes have significant difference of expression or mutation between responders and non-responders in various data sets. > Expression difference between responders and non-responders > Mutation difference between responders and non-responders |
Points in the above scatter plot represent the expression difference of S100A9 in various data sets.
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There is no record. |
Summary | |
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Symbol | S100A9 |
Name | S100 calcium binding protein A9 |
Aliases | LIAG; MRP14; MAC387; CGLB; CAGB; S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (calgranulin B); S100 calcium binding prote ...... |
Chromosomal Location | 1q21 |
External Links | HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards |
Content |
Relations between abundance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and expression, copy number, methylation, or mutation of S100A9. The immune-related signatures of 28 TIL types from Charoentong's study, which can be viewed in the download page. For each cancer type, the relative abundance of TILs were inferred by using gene set variation analysis (GSVA) based on gene expression profile. In this tab, users can examine which kinds of TILs might be regulated by the current gene. |
Summary | |
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Symbol | S100A9 |
Name | S100 calcium binding protein A9 |
Aliases | LIAG; MRP14; MAC387; CGLB; CAGB; S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (calgranulin B); S100 calcium binding prote ...... |
Chromosomal Location | 1q21 |
External Links | HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards |
Content |
Relations between three kinds of immunomodulators and expression, copy number, methylation, or mutation of S100A9. These immunomo-dulators were collected from Charoentong's study. In this tab, users can examine which immunomodulators might be regulated by S100A9. > Immunoinhibitor > Immunostimulator > MHC molecule |
Summary | |
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Symbol | S100A9 |
Name | S100 calcium binding protein A9 |
Aliases | LIAG; MRP14; MAC387; CGLB; CAGB; S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (calgranulin B); S100 calcium binding prote ...... |
Chromosomal Location | 1q21 |
External Links | HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards |
Content |
Relations between chemokines (or receptors) and expression, copy number, methylation, or mutation of S100A9. In this tab, users can examine which chemokines (or receptors) might be regulated by the current gene. > Chemokine > Receptor |
Summary | |
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Symbol | S100A9 |
Name | S100 calcium binding protein A9 |
Aliases | LIAG; MRP14; MAC387; CGLB; CAGB; S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (calgranulin B); S100 calcium binding prote ...... |
Chromosomal Location | 1q21 |
External Links | HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards |
Content |
Distribution of S100A9 expression across immune and molecular subtypes. > Immune subtype > Molecular subtype |
Summary | |
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Symbol | S100A9 |
Name | S100 calcium binding protein A9 |
Aliases | LIAG; MRP14; MAC387; CGLB; CAGB; S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (calgranulin B); S100 calcium binding prote ...... |
Chromosomal Location | 1q21 |
External Links | HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards |
Content |
Associations between S100A9 and clinical features. > Overall survival analysis > Cancer stage > Tumor grade |
Summary | |
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Symbol | S100A9 |
Name | S100 calcium binding protein A9 |
Aliases | LIAG; MRP14; MAC387; CGLB; CAGB; S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (calgranulin B); S100 calcium binding prote ...... |
Chromosomal Location | 1q21 |
External Links | HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards |
Content | Drugs targeting S100A9 collected from DrugBank database. |
Details on drugs targeting S100A9.
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