TISIDB

Summary
Symbol	TUBB4A
Name	tubulin, beta 4A class IVa
Aliases	beta-5; class IVa beta-tubulin; DYT4; tubulin, beta 4; tubulin, beta 4 class IVa; dystonia 4, torsion (autos ......
Chromosomal Location	19p13.3
External Links	HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content	Basic function annotation. > Subcellular Location, Domain and Function > Gene Ontology > KEGG and Reactome Pathway

> Subcellular Location, Domain and Function [ TOP ]
Subcellular Location	Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton.
Domain	PF00091 Tubulin/FtsZ family PF03953 Tubulin C-terminal domain
Function	Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain.

> Gene Ontology [ TOP ]
Biological Process	GO:0000086 G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle GO:0044770 cell cycle phase transition GO:0044772 mitotic cell cycle phase transition GO:0044839 cell cycle G2/M phase transition
Molecular Function	GO:0003924 GTPase activity GO:0005200 structural constituent of cytoskeleton GO:0005525 GTP binding GO:0019001 guanyl nucleotide binding GO:0032561 guanyl ribonucleotide binding
Cellular Component	GO:0005874 microtubule GO:0005929 cilium GO:0030424 axon GO:0033267 axon part GO:0033269 internode region of axon GO:0043025 neuronal cell body GO:0043209 myelin sheath GO:0044297 cell body GO:0044304 main axon

> KEGG and Reactome Pathway [ TOP ]
KEGG	hsa04145 Phagosome hsa04540 Gap junction
Reactome	R-HSA-8854518: AURKA Activation by TPX2 R-HSA-5620912: Anchoring of the basal body to the plasma membrane R-HSA-1640170: Cell Cycle R-HSA-69278: Cell Cycle, Mitotic R-HSA-380287: Centrosome maturation R-HSA-390466: Chaperonin-mediated protein folding R-HSA-5617833: Cilium Assembly R-HSA-389958: Cooperation of Prefoldin and TriC/CCT in actin and tubulin folding R-HSA-389960: Formation of tubulin folding intermediates by CCT/TriC R-HSA-69275: G2/M Transition R-HSA-380259: Loss of Nlp from mitotic centrosomes R-HSA-380284: Loss of proteins required for interphase microtubule organization from the centrosome R-HSA-392499: Metabolism of proteins R-HSA-453274: Mitotic G2-G2/M phases R-HSA-1852241: Organelle biogenesis and maintenance R-HSA-389977: Post-chaperonin tubulin folding pathway R-HSA-389957: Prefoldin mediated transfer of substrate to CCT/TriC R-HSA-391251: Protein folding R-HSA-380270: Recruitment of mitotic centrosome proteins and complexes R-HSA-2565942: Regulation of PLK1 Activity at G2/M Transition

> KEGG and Reactome Pathway

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KEGG

hsa04145 Phagosome
hsa04540 Gap junction

Reactome

R-HSA-8854518: AURKA Activation by TPX2
R-HSA-5620912: Anchoring of the basal body to the plasma membrane
R-HSA-1640170: Cell Cycle
R-HSA-69278: Cell Cycle, Mitotic
R-HSA-380287: Centrosome maturation
R-HSA-390466: Chaperonin-mediated protein folding
R-HSA-5617833: Cilium Assembly
R-HSA-389958: Cooperation of Prefoldin and TriC/CCT in actin and tubulin folding
R-HSA-389960: Formation of tubulin folding intermediates by CCT/TriC
R-HSA-69275: G2/M Transition
R-HSA-380259: Loss of Nlp from mitotic centrosomes
R-HSA-380284: Loss of proteins required for interphase microtubule organization from the centrosome
R-HSA-392499: Metabolism of proteins
R-HSA-453274: Mitotic G2-G2/M phases
R-HSA-1852241: Organelle biogenesis and maintenance
R-HSA-389977: Post-chaperonin tubulin folding pathway
R-HSA-389957: Prefoldin mediated transfer of substrate to CCT/TriC
R-HSA-391251: Protein folding
R-HSA-380270: Recruitment of mitotic centrosome proteins and complexes
R-HSA-2565942: Regulation of PLK1 Activity at G2/M Transition

Summary
Symbol	TUBB4A
Name	tubulin, beta 4A class IVa
Aliases	beta-5; class IVa beta-tubulin; DYT4; tubulin, beta 4; tubulin, beta 4 class IVa; dystonia 4, torsion (autos ......
Chromosomal Location	19p13.3
External Links	HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content	Literatures that report relations between TUBB4A and anti-tumor immunity. The specific mechanism were also collected if the literature reports that a gene specifically promotes or inhibits the infiltration or function of T/NK cells.

> Text Mining [ TOP ]
There is no record.

Summary
Symbol	TUBB4A
Name	tubulin, beta 4A class IVa
Aliases	beta-5; class IVa beta-tubulin; DYT4; tubulin, beta 4; tubulin, beta 4 class IVa; dystonia 4, torsion (autos ......
Chromosomal Location	19p13.3
External Links	HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content	High-throughput screening data (e.g. CRISPR-Cas9, shRNA and RNAi) for T cell-mediated killing. Genetic screen techniques can identify mechanisms of tumor cell resistance (e.g., PTPN2) and sensitivity (e.g., APLNR) to killing by cytotoxic T cells, the central effectors of anti-tumor immunity. After comprehensively searching, eight groups of screening data sets were collected in the current database. In this tab, users can check whether their selected genes cause resistance or increase sensitivity to T cell-mediated killing in various data sets.

> High-throughput Screening

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Statistical results of TUBB4A in screening data sets for detecting immune reponses.

PMID	Screening System	Cancer Type	Cell Line	Data Set	Statistical Results	Relation to immunity
29301958	CRISPR-Cas9	melanoma	B16F10	Pmel-1 T cell	NA/NS	NA/NS
29301958	CRISPR-Cas9	melanoma	B16F10	OT-1 T cell	NA/NS	NA/NS
28783722	CRISPR-Cas9	melanoma	Mel624	2CT-CRISPR	NA/NS	NA/NS
28723893	CRISPR-Cas9	melanoma	B16	GVAX+Anti-PD1	NA/NS	NA/NS
28723893	CRISPR-Cas9	melanoma	B16	GVAX	NA/NS	NA/NS
25691366	RNAi	Breast cancer	MCF7	Luc-CTL assay	NA/NS	NA/NS
24476824	shRNA	melanoma	B16	Primary screen	NA/NS	NA/NS
24476824	shRNA	melanoma	B16	Secondary screen	NA/NS	NA/NS

Summary
Symbol	TUBB4A
Name	tubulin, beta 4A class IVa
Aliases	beta-5; class IVa beta-tubulin; DYT4; tubulin, beta 4; tubulin, beta 4 class IVa; dystonia 4, torsion (autos ......
Chromosomal Location	19p13.3
External Links	HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content	Transcriptomic and genomic profiling of pre-treated tumor biopsies from responders and non-responders to immunotherapy. These data were used to identify signatures and mechanisms of response to checkpoint blockade (e.g., anti-PDL1 and anti-PD1). One example is that mutations in the gene PBRM1 benefit clinical survival of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. After comprehensively searching, we collected 5 and 6 of transcriptomic and genomic data sets, respectively. In this tab, users can check whether their selected genes have significant difference of expression or mutation between responders and non-responders in various data sets. > Expression difference between responders and non-responders > Mutation difference between responders and non-responders

> Expression difference between responders and non-responders

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Points in the above scatter plot represent the expression difference of TUBB4A in various data sets.

No	PMID	Cancer type	Group	Drug	# Res	# NRes	Log2 (Fold Change)	P value
1	26997480	Melanoma	all	Anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)	14	12	0.518	0.591
2	26997480	Melanoma	MAPKi	Anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)	6	5	1.069	0.677
3	26997480	Melanoma	non-MAPKi	Anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)	8	7	0.102	0.962
4	28552987	Urothelial cancer	all	Anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab)	9	16	0.259	0.587
5	28552987	Urothelial cancer	smoking	Anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab)	5	9	0.081	0.935
6	28552987	Urothelial cancer	non-smoking	Anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab)	4	7	0.48	0.665
7	29033130	Melanoma	all	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	26	23	-0.583	0.268
8	29033130	Melanoma	NIV3-PROG	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	15	11	-0.012	0.994
9	29033130	Melanoma	NIV3-NAIVE	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	11	12	-1.316	0.459
10	29301960	Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)	all	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	4	8	0.653	0.566
11	29301960	Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)	VEGFRi	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	2	0	0	1
12	29301960	Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)	non-VEGFRi	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	2	8	0.943	0.526
13	29443960	Urothelial cancer	all	Anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab)	68	230	0.776	0.0105

> Mutation difference between responders and non-responders

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Points in the above scatter plot represent the mutation difference of TUBB4A in various data sets.

No	PMID	Cancer type	Group	Drug	# Res	# NRes	% Mut/Res	% Mut/NRes	% Diff (R vs NR)	Pval
1	25765070	Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)	all	Anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab)	14	17	0	0	0	1
2	25765070	Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)	smoking	Anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab)	10	3	0	0	0	1
3	25765070	Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)	non-smoking	Anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab)	4	14	0	0	0	1
4	26359337	Melanoma	all	Anti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab)	27	73	0	1.4	-1.4	1
5	26359337	Melanoma	BRAFi	Anti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab)	0	14	0	0	0	1
6	26359337	Melanoma	non-BRAFi	Anti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab)	27	59	0	1.7	-1.7	1
7	26997480	Melanoma	all	Anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)	21	17	0	0	0	1
8	26997480	Melanoma	MAPKi	Anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)	8	6	0	0	0	1
9	26997480	Melanoma	non-MAPKi	Anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)	13	11	0	0	0	1
10	28552987	Urothelial cancer	all	Anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab)	9	16	22.2	0	22.2	0.12
11	28552987	Urothelial cancer	smoking	Anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab)	5	9	20	0	20	0.357
12	28552987	Urothelial cancer	non-smoking	Anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab)	4	7	25	0	25	0.364
13	29033130	Melanoma	all	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	38	27	0	0	0	1
14	29033130	Melanoma	NIV3-PROG	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	22	13	0	0	0	1
15	29033130	Melanoma	NIV3-NAIVE	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	16	14	0	0	0	1
16	29301960	Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)	all	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	11	13	0	7.7	-7.7	1
17	29301960	Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)	VEGFRi	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	6	1	0	0	0	1
18	29301960	Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)	non-VEGFRi	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	5	12	0	8.3	-8.3	1

Summary
Symbol	TUBB4A
Name	tubulin, beta 4A class IVa
Aliases	beta-5; class IVa beta-tubulin; DYT4; tubulin, beta 4; tubulin, beta 4 class IVa; dystonia 4, torsion (autos ......
Chromosomal Location	19p13.3
External Links	HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content	Relations between abundance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and expression, copy number, methylation, or mutation of TUBB4A. The immune-related signatures of 28 TIL types from Charoentong's study, which can be viewed in the download page. For each cancer type, the relative abundance of TILs were inferred by using gene set variation analysis (GSVA) based on gene expression profile. In this tab, users can examine which kinds of TILs might be regulated by the current gene.

> Lymphocyte [ TOP ]

Summary
Symbol	TUBB4A
Name	tubulin, beta 4A class IVa
Aliases	beta-5; class IVa beta-tubulin; DYT4; tubulin, beta 4; tubulin, beta 4 class IVa; dystonia 4, torsion (autos ......
Chromosomal Location	19p13.3
External Links	HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content	Relations between three kinds of immunomodulators and expression, copy number, methylation, or mutation of TUBB4A. These immunomo-dulators were collected from Charoentong's study. In this tab, users can examine which immunomodulators might be regulated by TUBB4A. > Immunoinhibitor > Immunostimulator > MHC molecule

> Immunoinhibitor [ TOP ]

> Immunostimulator [ TOP ]

> MHC molecule [ TOP ]

Summary
Symbol	TUBB4A
Name	tubulin, beta 4A class IVa
Aliases	beta-5; class IVa beta-tubulin; DYT4; tubulin, beta 4; tubulin, beta 4 class IVa; dystonia 4, torsion (autos ......
Chromosomal Location	19p13.3
External Links	HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content	Relations between chemokines (or receptors) and expression, copy number, methylation, or mutation of TUBB4A. In this tab, users can examine which chemokines (or receptors) might be regulated by the current gene. > Chemokine > Receptor

> Chemokine [ TOP ]

> Receptor [ TOP ]

Summary
Symbol	TUBB4A
Name	tubulin, beta 4A class IVa
Aliases	beta-5; class IVa beta-tubulin; DYT4; tubulin, beta 4; tubulin, beta 4 class IVa; dystonia 4, torsion (autos ......
Chromosomal Location	19p13.3
External Links	HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content	Distribution of TUBB4A expression across immune and molecular subtypes. > Immune subtype > Molecular subtype

> Immune subtype [ TOP ]

> Molecular subtype [ TOP ]

Summary
Symbol	TUBB4A
Name	tubulin, beta 4A class IVa
Aliases	beta-5; class IVa beta-tubulin; DYT4; tubulin, beta 4; tubulin, beta 4 class IVa; dystonia 4, torsion (autos ......
Chromosomal Location	19p13.3
External Links	HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content	Associations between TUBB4A and clinical features. > Overall survival analysis > Cancer stage > Tumor grade

> Overall survival [ TOP ]

> Stage [ TOP ]

> Grade [ TOP ]

Summary
Symbol	TUBB4A
Name	tubulin, beta 4A class IVa
Aliases	beta-5; class IVa beta-tubulin; DYT4; tubulin, beta 4; tubulin, beta 4 class IVa; dystonia 4, torsion (autos ......
Chromosomal Location	19p13.3
External Links	HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content	Drugs targeting TUBB4A collected from DrugBank database.

> Drugs from DrugBank database

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Details on drugs targeting TUBB4A.

ID	Name	Drug Type	Targets	#Targets
DB01873	Epothilone D	Small Molecule	TUBA1A, TUBA1B, TUBA1C, TUBA3C, TUBA4A, TUBA8, TUBB, TUBB1, TUBB3, ......	11
DB03010	Patupilone	Small Molecule	TUBA1A, TUBA1B, TUBA1C, TUBA3C, TUBA4A, TUBA8, TUBB, TUBB1, TUBB3, ......	11
DB05147	CYT997	Small Molecule	TUBA1A, TUBA1B, TUBA1C, TUBA3C, TUBA3E, TUBA4A, TUBB, TUBB1, TUBB2 ......	14
DB06042	ZEN-012	Small Molecule	TOP2A, TOP2B, TUBB, TUBB1, TUBB3, TUBB4A	6
DB11638	Artenimol	Small Molecule	ACTG1, ALB, ALDH7A1, ALDOA, ANXA2, ATP5A1, ATP5L, ATP5O, CAST, CCT ......	79

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