Browse TYR

Summary
SymbolTYR
Nametyrosinase
Aliases OCAIA; OCA1A; OCA1; oculocutaneous albinism IA; ATN; SHEP3; LB24-AB; SK29-AB; monophenol monooxygenase; tumo ......
Chromosomal Location11q14.3
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Basic function annotation.
> Subcellular Location, Domain and Function
> Gene Ontology
> KEGG and Reactome Pathway
> Subcellular Location, Domain and Function
 
Subcellular Location Melanosome membrane Single-pass type I membrane protein Melanosome Note=Proper trafficking to melanosome is regulated by SGSM2, ANKRD27, RAB9A, RAB32 and RAB38.
Domain PF00264 Common central domain of tyrosinase
Function

This is a copper-containing oxidase that functions in the formation of pigments such as melanins and other polyphenolic compounds. Catalyzes the initial and rate limiting step in the cascade of reactions leading to melanin production from tyrosine. In addition to hydroxylating tyrosine to DOPA (3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine), also catalyzes the oxidation of DOPA to DOPA-quinone, and possibly the oxidation of DHI (5,6-dihydroxyindole) to indole-5,6 quinone.

> Gene Ontology
 
Biological Process GO:0006570 tyrosine metabolic process
GO:0006582 melanin metabolic process
GO:0006583 melanin biosynthetic process from tyrosine
GO:0006726 eye pigment biosynthetic process
GO:0007584 response to nutrient
GO:0007601 visual perception
GO:0009072 aromatic amino acid family metabolic process
GO:0009314 response to radiation
GO:0009411 response to UV
GO:0009416 response to light stimulus
GO:0009991 response to extracellular stimulus
GO:0014074 response to purine-containing compound
GO:0018958 phenol-containing compound metabolic process
GO:0019748 secondary metabolic process
GO:0031667 response to nutrient levels
GO:0033273 response to vitamin
GO:0033280 response to vitamin D
GO:0042438 melanin biosynthetic process
GO:0042440 pigment metabolic process
GO:0042441 eye pigment metabolic process
GO:0043324 pigment metabolic process involved in developmental pigmentation
GO:0043473 pigmentation
GO:0043474 pigment metabolic process involved in pigmentation
GO:0044550 secondary metabolite biosynthetic process
GO:0046148 pigment biosynthetic process
GO:0046189 phenol-containing compound biosynthetic process
GO:0046683 response to organophosphorus
GO:0048066 developmental pigmentation
GO:0048069 eye pigmentation
GO:0048538 thymus development
GO:0048732 gland development
GO:0050953 sensory perception of light stimulus
GO:0051591 response to cAMP
GO:1901605 alpha-amino acid metabolic process
GO:1901615 organic hydroxy compound metabolic process
GO:1901617 organic hydroxy compound biosynthetic process
Molecular Function GO:0004497 monooxygenase activity
GO:0004503 monophenol monooxygenase activity
GO:0005507 copper ion binding
GO:0016705 oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen
GO:0016716 oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, another compound as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen
GO:0046982 protein heterodimerization activity
Cellular Component GO:0005798 Golgi-associated vesicle
GO:0030659 cytoplasmic vesicle membrane
GO:0033162 melanosome membrane
GO:0042470 melanosome
GO:0045009 chitosome
GO:0048770 pigment granule
> KEGG and Reactome Pathway
 
KEGG hsa04916 Melanogenesis
hsa00350 Tyrosine metabolism
hsa01100 Metabolic pathways
Reactome R-HSA-5662702: Melanin biosynthesis
R-HSA-1430728: Metabolism
R-HSA-71291: Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives
Summary
SymbolTYR
Nametyrosinase
Aliases OCAIA; OCA1A; OCA1; oculocutaneous albinism IA; ATN; SHEP3; LB24-AB; SK29-AB; monophenol monooxygenase; tumo ......
Chromosomal Location11q14.3
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Literatures that report relations between TYR and anti-tumor immunity. The specific mechanism were also collected if the literature reports that a gene specifically promotes or inhibits the infiltration or function of T/NK cells.
> Text Mining
 
  Literatures describing the relation between TYR and anti-tumor immunity in human cancer.
PMID Cancer type Relation to immunity Evidence sentences
24647571MelanomaPromote immunity (infiltration)Furthermore, tyrosinase expression was more frequently lost in metastatic sites outside of the brain and was uniquely correlated with both endogenous CD8(+) and CD4(+) T-cell infiltrates.
19417017MelanomaPromote immunityTriMix DCs coelectroporated with tyrosinase are able to stimulate tyrosinase-specific CD8(+) T cells in vitro from the blood of nonvaccinated melanoma patients.
23904461MelanomaPromote immunity (T cell function); essential for immunotherapyAutologous monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) electroporated with synthetic messenger RNA (mRNA) encoding a CD40 ligand, a constitutively active Toll-like receptor 4 and CD70, together with mRNA encoding fusion proteins of a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-class II targeting signal (DC-LAMP) and a melanoma-associated antigen (MAA); either MAGE-A3, MAGE-C2, tyrosinase or gp100) (TriMixDC-MEL) are superiorly immunogenic.
Summary
SymbolTYR
Nametyrosinase
Aliases OCAIA; OCA1A; OCA1; oculocutaneous albinism IA; ATN; SHEP3; LB24-AB; SK29-AB; monophenol monooxygenase; tumo ......
Chromosomal Location11q14.3
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content High-throughput screening data (e.g. CRISPR-Cas9, shRNA and RNAi) for T cell-mediated killing. Genetic screen techniques can identify mechanisms of tumor cell resistance (e.g., PTPN2) and sensitivity (e.g., APLNR) to killing by cytotoxic T cells, the central effectors of anti-tumor immunity. After comprehensively searching, eight groups of screening data sets were collected in the current database. In this tab, users can check whether their selected genes cause resistance or increase sensitivity to T cell-mediated killing in various data sets.
> High-throughput Screening
  Statistical results of TYR in screening data sets for detecting immune reponses.
PMID Screening System Cancer Type Cell Line Data Set Statistical Results Relation to immunity
29301958CRISPR-Cas9 melanomaB16F10Pmel-1 T cell NA/NSNA/NS
29301958CRISPR-Cas9 melanomaB16F10OT-1 T cell NA/NSNA/NS
28783722CRISPR-Cas9 melanomaMel6242CT-CRISPR NA/NSNA/NS
28723893CRISPR-Cas9 melanomaB16GVAX+Anti-PD1 NA/NSNA/NS
28723893CRISPR-Cas9 melanomaB16GVAX NA/NSNA/NS
25691366RNAiBreast cancerMCF7Luc-CTL assay NA/NSNA/NS
24476824shRNAmelanomaB16Primary screen NA/NSNA/NS
24476824shRNAmelanomaB16Secondary screen NA/NSNA/NS
Summary
SymbolTYR
Nametyrosinase
Aliases OCAIA; OCA1A; OCA1; oculocutaneous albinism IA; ATN; SHEP3; LB24-AB; SK29-AB; monophenol monooxygenase; tumo ......
Chromosomal Location11q14.3
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Transcriptomic and genomic profiling of pre-treated tumor biopsies from responders and non-responders to immunotherapy. These data were used to identify signatures and mechanisms of response to checkpoint blockade (e.g., anti-PDL1 and anti-PD1). One example is that mutations in the gene PBRM1 benefit clinical survival of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. After comprehensively searching, we collected 5 and 6 of transcriptomic and genomic data sets, respectively. In this tab, users can check whether their selected genes have significant difference of expression or mutation between responders and non-responders in various data sets.
> Expression difference between responders and non-responders
> Mutation difference between responders and non-responders
> Expression difference between responders and non-responders
 
Points in the above scatter plot represent the expression difference of TYR in various data sets.
No PMID Cancer type Group Drug # Res # NRes Log2 (Fold Change) P value Anno
126997480MelanomaallAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)14121.5010.194
226997480MelanomaMAPKiAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)652.3940.532
326997480Melanomanon-MAPKiAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)870.8550.763
428552987Urothelial cancerallAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 916-0.8970.327
528552987Urothelial cancersmokingAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 59-1.530.238
628552987Urothelial cancernon-smokingAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 47-0.1130.94
729033130MelanomaallAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 26230.4990.63
829033130MelanomaNIV3-PROGAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 1511-0.330.894
929033130MelanomaNIV3-NAIVEAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 11121.360.627
1029301960Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)allAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 4801
1129301960Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)VEGFRiAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 2001
1229301960Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)non-VEGFRiAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 2801
1329443960Urothelial cancerallAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 682300.0910.482
> Mutation difference between responders and non-responders
 
Points in the above scatter plot represent the mutation difference of TYR in various data sets.
No PMID Cancer type Group Drug # Res # NRes % Mut/Res % Mut/NRes % Diff (R vs NR) Pval Anno
125765070Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)allAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab) 141705.9-5.91
225765070Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)smokingAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab) 103033.3-33.30.231
325765070Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)non-smokingAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab) 4140001
426359337MelanomaallAnti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab) 27733.74.1-0.41
526359337MelanomaBRAFiAnti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab) 0140001
626359337Melanomanon-BRAFiAnti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab) 27593.75.1-1.41
726997480MelanomaallAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)21170001
826997480MelanomaMAPKiAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)860001
926997480Melanomanon-MAPKiAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)13110001
1028552987Urothelial cancerallAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 9160001
1128552987Urothelial cancersmokingAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 590001
1228552987Urothelial cancernon-smokingAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 470001
1329033130MelanomaallAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 38270001
1429033130MelanomaNIV3-PROGAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 22130001
1529033130MelanomaNIV3-NAIVEAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 16140001
1629301960Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)allAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 11130001
1729301960Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)VEGFRiAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 610001
1829301960Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)non-VEGFRiAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 5120001
Summary
SymbolTYR
Nametyrosinase
Aliases OCAIA; OCA1A; OCA1; oculocutaneous albinism IA; ATN; SHEP3; LB24-AB; SK29-AB; monophenol monooxygenase; tumo ......
Chromosomal Location11q14.3
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Relations between abundance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and expression, copy number, methylation, or mutation of TYR. The immune-related signatures of 28 TIL types from Charoentong's study, which can be viewed in the download page. For each cancer type, the relative abundance of TILs were inferred by using gene set variation analysis (GSVA) based on gene expression profile. In this tab, users can examine which kinds of TILs might be regulated by the current gene.
> Lymphocyte
 
Summary
SymbolTYR
Nametyrosinase
Aliases OCAIA; OCA1A; OCA1; oculocutaneous albinism IA; ATN; SHEP3; LB24-AB; SK29-AB; monophenol monooxygenase; tumo ......
Chromosomal Location11q14.3
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Relations between three kinds of immunomodulators and expression, copy number, methylation, or mutation of TYR. These immunomo-dulators were collected from Charoentong's study. In this tab, users can examine which immunomodulators might be regulated by TYR.
> Immunoinhibitor
> Immunostimulator
> MHC molecule
> Immunoinhibitor
 
> Immunostimulator
 
> MHC molecule
 
Summary
SymbolTYR
Nametyrosinase
Aliases OCAIA; OCA1A; OCA1; oculocutaneous albinism IA; ATN; SHEP3; LB24-AB; SK29-AB; monophenol monooxygenase; tumo ......
Chromosomal Location11q14.3
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Relations between chemokines (or receptors) and expression, copy number, methylation, or mutation of TYR. In this tab, users can examine which chemokines (or receptors) might be regulated by the current gene.
> Chemokine
> Receptor
> Chemokine
 
> Receptor
 
Summary
SymbolTYR
Nametyrosinase
Aliases OCAIA; OCA1A; OCA1; oculocutaneous albinism IA; ATN; SHEP3; LB24-AB; SK29-AB; monophenol monooxygenase; tumo ......
Chromosomal Location11q14.3
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Distribution of TYR expression across immune and molecular subtypes.
> Immune subtype
> Molecular subtype
> Immune subtype
 
> Molecular subtype
 
Summary
SymbolTYR
Nametyrosinase
Aliases OCAIA; OCA1A; OCA1; oculocutaneous albinism IA; ATN; SHEP3; LB24-AB; SK29-AB; monophenol monooxygenase; tumo ......
Chromosomal Location11q14.3
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Associations between TYR and clinical features.
> Overall survival analysis
> Cancer stage
> Tumor grade
> Overall survival
 
> Stage
 
> Grade
 
Summary
SymbolTYR
Nametyrosinase
Aliases OCAIA; OCA1A; OCA1; oculocutaneous albinism IA; ATN; SHEP3; LB24-AB; SK29-AB; monophenol monooxygenase; tumo ......
Chromosomal Location11q14.3
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Drugs targeting TYR collected from DrugBank database.
> Drugs from DrugBank database
 

  Details on drugs targeting TYR.
ID Name Drug Type Targets #Targets
DB00157NADHSmall MoleculeAASS, ACADS, ADH1A, ADH1B, ADH1C, ADH4, ADH5, ADH7, AKR1B1, AKR1C1 ......144
DB00548Azelaic AcidSmall MoleculeAKR1D1, SRD5A2, TYR3
DB00600MonobenzoneSmall MoleculeTYR1
DB01055MimosineSmall MoleculeCCL2, SHMT1, TYR3
DB09526HydroquinoneSmall MoleculeTYR1