TISIDB

Summary
Symbol	WARS
Name	tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase
Aliases	IFP53; tryptophan tRNA ligase 1, cytoplasmic; IFI53; GAMMA-2; hWRS; interferon-induced protein 53; Tryptopha ......
Chromosomal Location	14q32.2
External Links	HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content	Basic function annotation. > Subcellular Location, Domain and Function > Gene Ontology > KEGG and Reactome Pathway

> Subcellular Location, Domain and Function [ TOP ]
Subcellular Location	Cytoplasm.
Domain	PF00579 tRNA synthetases class I (W and Y) PF00458 WHEP-TRS domain
Function	Isoform 1, isoform 2 and T1-TrpRS have aminoacylation activity while T2-TrpRS lacks it. Isoform 2, T1-TrpRS and T2-TrpRS possess angiostatic activity whereas isoform 1 lacks it. T2-TrpRS inhibits fluid shear stress-activated responses of endothelial cells. Regulates ERK, Akt, and eNOS activation pathways that are associated with angiogenesis, cytoskeletal reorganization and shear stress-responsive gene expression.

> Gene Ontology [ TOP ]
Biological Process	GO:0001525 angiogenesis GO:0006399 tRNA metabolic process GO:0006418 tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation GO:0006436 tryptophanyl-tRNA aminoacylation GO:0006520 cellular amino acid metabolic process GO:0043038 amino acid activation GO:0043039 tRNA aminoacylation GO:0045765 regulation of angiogenesis GO:0048514 blood vessel morphogenesis GO:1901342 regulation of vasculature development
Molecular Function	GO:0004812 aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity GO:0004830 tryptophan-tRNA ligase activity GO:0016874 ligase activity GO:0016875 ligase activity, forming carbon-oxygen bonds GO:0016876 ligase activity, forming aminoacyl-tRNA and related compounds
Cellular Component	-

> KEGG and Reactome Pathway [ TOP ]
KEGG	hsa00970 Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis
Reactome	R-HSA-379716: Cytosolic tRNA aminoacylation R-HSA-74160: Gene Expression R-HSA-379724: tRNA Aminoacylation

Summary
Symbol	WARS
Name	tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase
Aliases	IFP53; tryptophan tRNA ligase 1, cytoplasmic; IFI53; GAMMA-2; hWRS; interferon-induced protein 53; Tryptopha ......
Chromosomal Location	14q32.2
External Links	HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content	Literatures that report relations between WARS and anti-tumor immunity. The specific mechanism were also collected if the literature reports that a gene specifically promotes or inhibits the infiltration or function of T/NK cells.

> Text Mining [ TOP ]
There is no record.

Summary
Symbol	WARS
Name	tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase
Aliases	IFP53; tryptophan tRNA ligase 1, cytoplasmic; IFI53; GAMMA-2; hWRS; interferon-induced protein 53; Tryptopha ......
Chromosomal Location	14q32.2
External Links	HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content	High-throughput screening data (e.g. CRISPR-Cas9, shRNA and RNAi) for T cell-mediated killing. Genetic screen techniques can identify mechanisms of tumor cell resistance (e.g., PTPN2) and sensitivity (e.g., APLNR) to killing by cytotoxic T cells, the central effectors of anti-tumor immunity. After comprehensively searching, eight groups of screening data sets were collected in the current database. In this tab, users can check whether their selected genes cause resistance or increase sensitivity to T cell-mediated killing in various data sets.

> High-throughput Screening

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Statistical results of WARS in screening data sets for detecting immune reponses.

PMID	Screening System	Cancer Type	Cell Line	Data Set	Statistical Results	Relation to immunity
29301958	CRISPR-Cas9	melanoma	B16F10	Pmel-1 T cell	NA/NS	NA/NS
29301958	CRISPR-Cas9	melanoma	B16F10	OT-1 T cell	NA/NS	NA/NS
28783722	CRISPR-Cas9	melanoma	Mel624	2CT-CRISPR	NA/NS	NA/NS
28723893	CRISPR-Cas9	melanoma	B16	GVAX+Anti-PD1	NA/NS	NA/NS
28723893	CRISPR-Cas9	melanoma	B16	GVAX	NA/NS	NA/NS
25691366	RNAi	Breast cancer	MCF7	Luc-CTL assay	NA/NS	NA/NS
24476824	shRNA	melanoma	B16	Primary screen	NA/NS	NA/NS
24476824	shRNA	melanoma	B16	Secondary screen	NA/NS	NA/NS

Summary
Symbol	WARS
Name	tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase
Aliases	IFP53; tryptophan tRNA ligase 1, cytoplasmic; IFI53; GAMMA-2; hWRS; interferon-induced protein 53; Tryptopha ......
Chromosomal Location	14q32.2
External Links	HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content	Transcriptomic and genomic profiling of pre-treated tumor biopsies from responders and non-responders to immunotherapy. These data were used to identify signatures and mechanisms of response to checkpoint blockade (e.g., anti-PDL1 and anti-PD1). One example is that mutations in the gene PBRM1 benefit clinical survival of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. After comprehensively searching, we collected 5 and 6 of transcriptomic and genomic data sets, respectively. In this tab, users can check whether their selected genes have significant difference of expression or mutation between responders and non-responders in various data sets. > Expression difference between responders and non-responders > Mutation difference between responders and non-responders

> Expression difference between responders and non-responders

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Points in the above scatter plot represent the expression difference of WARS in various data sets.

No	PMID	Cancer type	Group	Drug	# Res	# NRes	Log2 (Fold Change)	P value
1	26997480	Melanoma	all	Anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)	14	12	0.429	0.346
2	26997480	Melanoma	MAPKi	Anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)	6	5	0.736	0.836
3	26997480	Melanoma	non-MAPKi	Anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)	8	7	0.203	0.939
4	28552987	Urothelial cancer	all	Anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab)	9	16	0.778	0.0425
5	28552987	Urothelial cancer	smoking	Anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab)	5	9	0.663	0.745
6	28552987	Urothelial cancer	non-smoking	Anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab)	4	7	0.929	0.733
7	29033130	Melanoma	all	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	26	23	0.16	0.783
8	29033130	Melanoma	NIV3-PROG	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	15	11	0.01	0.997
9	29033130	Melanoma	NIV3-NAIVE	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	11	12	0.322	0.905
10	29301960	Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)	all	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	4	8	1.185	0.602
11	29301960	Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)	VEGFRi	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	2	0	0	1
12	29301960	Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)	non-VEGFRi	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	2	8	1.265	0.719
13	29443960	Urothelial cancer	all	Anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab)	68	230	0.24	0.085

> Mutation difference between responders and non-responders

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Points in the above scatter plot represent the mutation difference of WARS in various data sets.

No	PMID	Cancer type	Group	Drug	# Res	# NRes	% Mut/Res	% Mut/NRes	% Diff (R vs NR)	Pval
1	25765070	Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)	all	Anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab)	14	17	0	0	0	1
2	25765070	Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)	smoking	Anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab)	10	3	0	0	0	1
3	25765070	Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)	non-smoking	Anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab)	4	14	0	0	0	1
4	26359337	Melanoma	all	Anti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab)	27	73	3.7	1.4	2.3	0.469
5	26359337	Melanoma	BRAFi	Anti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab)	0	14	0	0	0	1
6	26359337	Melanoma	non-BRAFi	Anti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab)	27	59	3.7	1.7	2	0.532
7	26997480	Melanoma	all	Anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)	21	17	0	0	0	1
8	26997480	Melanoma	MAPKi	Anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)	8	6	0	0	0	1
9	26997480	Melanoma	non-MAPKi	Anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)	13	11	0	0	0	1
10	28552987	Urothelial cancer	all	Anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab)	9	16	11.1	0	11.1	0.36
11	28552987	Urothelial cancer	smoking	Anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab)	5	9	20	0	20	0.357
12	28552987	Urothelial cancer	non-smoking	Anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab)	4	7	0	0	0	1
13	29033130	Melanoma	all	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	38	27	0	0	0	1
14	29033130	Melanoma	NIV3-PROG	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	22	13	0	0	0	1
15	29033130	Melanoma	NIV3-NAIVE	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	16	14	0	0	0	1
16	29301960	Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)	all	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	11	13	0	0	0	1
17	29301960	Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)	VEGFRi	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	6	1	0	0	0	1
18	29301960	Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)	non-VEGFRi	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	5	12	0	0	0	1

Summary
Symbol	WARS
Name	tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase
Aliases	IFP53; tryptophan tRNA ligase 1, cytoplasmic; IFI53; GAMMA-2; hWRS; interferon-induced protein 53; Tryptopha ......
Chromosomal Location	14q32.2
External Links	HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content	Relations between abundance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and expression, copy number, methylation, or mutation of WARS. The immune-related signatures of 28 TIL types from Charoentong's study, which can be viewed in the download page. For each cancer type, the relative abundance of TILs were inferred by using gene set variation analysis (GSVA) based on gene expression profile. In this tab, users can examine which kinds of TILs might be regulated by the current gene.

> Lymphocyte [ TOP ]

Summary
Symbol	WARS
Name	tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase
Aliases	IFP53; tryptophan tRNA ligase 1, cytoplasmic; IFI53; GAMMA-2; hWRS; interferon-induced protein 53; Tryptopha ......
Chromosomal Location	14q32.2
External Links	HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content	Relations between three kinds of immunomodulators and expression, copy number, methylation, or mutation of WARS. These immunomo-dulators were collected from Charoentong's study. In this tab, users can examine which immunomodulators might be regulated by WARS. > Immunoinhibitor > Immunostimulator > MHC molecule

> Immunoinhibitor [ TOP ]

> Immunostimulator [ TOP ]

> MHC molecule [ TOP ]

Summary
Symbol	WARS
Name	tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase
Aliases	IFP53; tryptophan tRNA ligase 1, cytoplasmic; IFI53; GAMMA-2; hWRS; interferon-induced protein 53; Tryptopha ......
Chromosomal Location	14q32.2
External Links	HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content	Relations between chemokines (or receptors) and expression, copy number, methylation, or mutation of WARS. In this tab, users can examine which chemokines (or receptors) might be regulated by the current gene. > Chemokine > Receptor

> Chemokine [ TOP ]

> Receptor [ TOP ]

Summary
Symbol	WARS
Name	tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase
Aliases	IFP53; tryptophan tRNA ligase 1, cytoplasmic; IFI53; GAMMA-2; hWRS; interferon-induced protein 53; Tryptopha ......
Chromosomal Location	14q32.2
External Links	HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content	Distribution of WARS expression across immune and molecular subtypes. > Immune subtype > Molecular subtype

> Immune subtype [ TOP ]

> Molecular subtype [ TOP ]

Summary
Symbol	WARS
Name	tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase
Aliases	IFP53; tryptophan tRNA ligase 1, cytoplasmic; IFI53; GAMMA-2; hWRS; interferon-induced protein 53; Tryptopha ......
Chromosomal Location	14q32.2
External Links	HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content	Associations between WARS and clinical features. > Overall survival analysis > Cancer stage > Tumor grade

> Overall survival [ TOP ]

> Stage [ TOP ]

> Grade [ TOP ]

Summary
Symbol	WARS
Name	tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase
Aliases	IFP53; tryptophan tRNA ligase 1, cytoplasmic; IFI53; GAMMA-2; hWRS; interferon-induced protein 53; Tryptopha ......
Chromosomal Location	14q32.2
External Links	HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content	Drugs targeting WARS collected from DrugBank database.

> Drugs from DrugBank database

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Details on drugs targeting WARS.

ID	Name	Drug Type	Targets	#Targets
DB00150	L-Tryptophan	Small Molecule	WARS, WARS2	2
DB01831	Tryptophanyl-5'amp	Small Molecule	WARS	1
DB04537	L-Tryptophanamide	Small Molecule	WARS	1

Browse WARS